Sarah, a cybersecurity expert, is analyzing network traffic and notices a series of frames with the same source address that doesn't match any known manufacturers. She suspects this is a spoofed address. Which part of the frame is she analyzing?
- Frame Header
- IP Address
- MAC Address
- Port Number
Sarah is analyzing the MAC address, which is a part of the frame header. The MAC address is a hardware address associated with the source device. A discrepancy in this address might indicate address spoofing, which can be a security concern.
In the context of congestion control and flow control, which protocol has built-in mechanisms to handle network congestion?
- ARP
- ICMP
- TCP
- UDP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) includes built-in mechanisms for handling network congestion. It uses techniques like sliding window flow control and congestion avoidance to ensure reliable data delivery and manage network congestion efficiently.
In a real-time online gaming environment, quick data transmission and receipt of acknowledgments are crucial. Which flow control mechanism might be better suited for such a scenario?
- ARP
- ICMP
- TCP
- UDP
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is better suited for real-time online gaming because it offers faster data transmission and doesn't have the acknowledgment and retransmission mechanisms of TCP, which can introduce latency.
A newly established smart city is planning to connect all its utilities and infrastructure. The city council wants a medium that provides high bandwidth, is resistant to external damages, and ensures data security. Which transmission medium would best serve their needs?
- Fiber Optic Cable
- Microwave Transmission
- Satellite Communication
- Twisted Pair Cable
Fiber Optic Cable is the best choice for a smart city. It offers high bandwidth, is resistant to external damages, and provides data security, making it suitable for connecting various utilities and infrastructure securely.
What differentiates a MAC address from an IP address in terms of their roles in network communication?
- IP addresses are only used in wired networks.
- MAC addresses are longer than IP addresses.
- MAC addresses are physical, data-link layer addresses, while IP addresses are logical, network layer addresses.
- MAC addresses are used for routing, while IP addresses are used for addressing.
MAC addresses are physical addresses assigned to Network Interface Cards (NICs) and are used at the data-link layer for local communication within a network. IP addresses, on the other hand, are logical addresses used for routing data across networks at the network layer.
Sarah's email client allows her to download emails for offline access. However, when she deletes an email on her laptop, she notices it's still available on her mobile phone. Which email protocol is her client likely using?
- HTTP
- IMAP
- POP3
- SMTP
Sarah's email client is likely using POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3). POP3 is a protocol that downloads emails to the local device and typically does not synchronize actions across multiple devices. Emails are often downloaded and removed from the server, leading to discrepancies between devices.
A large enterprise has multiple branches across continents and wants to ensure that it can prioritize certain types of traffic over others, and also wants granular control over routing policies. Which routing protocol would be best suited for this purpose?
- BGP
- EIGRP
- OSPF
- RIP
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the most appropriate choice for such a scenario. BGP is designed for large-scale networks and provides fine-grained control over routing policies. It's often used for connecting multiple branches across continents, as it allows prioritizing and controlling routes effectively.
What type of network would a smartwatch connecting to a smartphone typically use?
- Intranet
- LAN
- PAN
- WAN
PAN (Personal Area Network) is a type of network used for connecting personal devices within an individual's immediate vicinity, like a smartwatch connecting to a smartphone via Bluetooth.
Which technology allows remote users to securely connect to a private network over the internet?
- LAN
- PAN
- VPN
- WAN
VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology enables remote users to securely connect to a private network over the internet. It provides a secure and encrypted tunnel for data transmission, making it ideal for remote work, accessing private resources, and maintaining data privacy.
In a modern smart home, various devices such as smart thermostats, smart refrigerators, and smart lights need to communicate with each other. While some devices are wired, most are wireless and have a range of only a few meters. What type of network are these devices most likely using?
- LAN
- PAN
- SAN
- WLAN
These devices are most likely using a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). WLANs are designed for short-range wireless communication within a home or small area, making them ideal for smart home devices with limited communication range.
John is troubleshooting a connectivity issue in a distributed application. He notices that the client machine can reach the server's IP address, but the application is still failing. He suspects that the issue might be related to a specific _________ being blocked or not listening.
- IP Address
- MAC Address
- Port
- Subnet Mask
John is likely dealing with a port-related issue. Ports are used to identify specific services on a server, and if a port is blocked or the associated service isn't listening, it can result in connectivity problems in a distributed application.
What DNS record type is specifically used for mail servers?
- A
- CNAME
- MX
- PTR
The MX (Mail Exchange) record is a DNS record type that specifies the mail server responsible for receiving email messages on behalf of a domain. It is used to route email to the correct mail servers.