Flow maps in UI design are used to create a visual representation of the interface's navigation structure. They help designers understand how users move through the interface, the paths they take, and the connections between different screens or elements. Flow maps are essential for designing user-friendly navigation systems.

In Agile, the QA team plays a collaborative role, working closely with developers, testing continuously, and ensuring the quality of the product. In Waterfall, the QA team often focuses on post-development testing. Agile emphasizes early and continuous quality assurance as part of the development process.

One primary reason for conducting white box testing is to ensure code quality and reliability. This technique helps identify defects, vulnerabilities, and areas of code that may lead to software failures or security issues.

System testing ensures correct behavior in all intended environments by simulating real-world scenarios, which helps identify any issues or conflicts that might occur in different situations. This comprehensive testing approach checks how the software responds to a variety of conditions, ensuring robustness.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is commonly used for making API requests on the web. It is a protocol that allows data to be transferred between a client and a server, making it a fundamental part of web-based API communication.

Complexity is a software quality metric that is often used to identify the complexity of a software program. It measures how intricate or convoluted the code is, which can impact maintainability and understandability.

Establishing an effective testing environment is crucial because it simulates the production environment in which the software will be used. This allows testers to identify issues that may not appear in a different environment and ensures that the software behaves as expected in real-world conditions.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is responsible for developing standards for software engineering. These standards cover various aspects of software development and help ensure consistency and quality in software engineering practices.

A critical distinction between software verification and validation is that verification checks if the software conforms to its specifications, ensuring that it's built correctly, while validation checks if it meets the customer's needs, ensuring that it's the right software for the intended purpose.

The principle of "Consistency" implies that all API calls should result in the same outcome regardless of how many times the call is repeated. It's a fundamental principle in designing reliable and predictable APIs.

Software Configuration Management facilitates the audit and review processes in software development by tracking changes and providing an audit trail. This allows for accountability and the ability to trace who made changes and when, making audits and reviews more effective.

One common method of stress testing involves deliberately introducing high traffic to observe how the system responds under stress. This helps assess the system's ability to maintain stability and recover from stress-induced issues.