Which data type in Go is used to represent a sequence of bytes?
- array
- byte
- slice
- string
In Go, the 'byte' data type is used to represent a sequence of bytes. It is an alias for uint8 and is commonly used when dealing with binary data or when representing ASCII characters.
How does Gorm handle transactions in Go applications?
- Automatically manages transactions internally
- Doesn't support transactions by default
- Relies on native SQL transactions
- Using the Begin, Commit, and Rollback methods
Gorm handles transactions in Go applications by providing methods like Begin, Commit, and Rollback to manually manage transactions. Transactions ensure that a group of database operations either all succeed or fail together, maintaining data consistency.
Reflection in Go comes with _______ performance overhead compared to direct method calls.
- moderate
- negligible
- no
- significant
Reflection in Go comes with significant performance overhead compared to direct method calls. This is because reflection involves runtime type introspection and dynamic dispatch, which incur additional runtime cost compared to statically typed languages or direct method calls where the compiler can optimize the code more aggressively. Therefore, while reflection offers flexibility, it should be used judiciously, especially in performance-critical code paths.
In Go, what function is used to start an HTTP server?
- http.Serve
- http.StartServer
- http.ListenAndServe
- http.Handle
The correct option is http.ListenAndServe. This function starts an HTTP server and accepts incoming connections on the specified address. It takes a network address as its parameter and a handler to handle requests.
The behavior of the _______ statement in Go can be replicated using if-else chains, but switch statements provide a cleaner and more concise way to express such conditions.
- case
- choose
- select
- switch
In Go, the 'switch' statement provides a more concise and readable way to express conditions compared to if-else chains. Although similar behavior can be achieved using if-else chains, switch statements are preferred for their cleaner syntax and better readability.
What is the purpose of the 'defer' keyword in Go?
- Defer is used to declare global variables.
- Defer is used to delay the execution of a statement until the surrounding function returns.
- Defer is used to force a function to terminate.
- Defer is used to handle panics in Go.
The 'defer' keyword in Go allows postponing the execution of a function call until the surrounding function returns. It's commonly used for cleanup activities or closing resources after a function exits.
What is the concept of "bearer token" in authentication?
- A token carried by a bear
- A token that grants access
- A token that verifies identity
- A token used in encryption
In authentication, a "bearer token" is a type of access token that is issued by the server and grants access to resources. It is called a "bearer token" because the bearer of the token is granted access, without needing to present any other form of identification.
In a large-scale microservices architecture, how can middleware help in enforcing security policies consistently across multiple services written in Go?
- Delegate security enforcement to a separate centralized security team.
- Enforce security policies by embedding them directly into each microservice's codebase.
- Implement middleware to intercept incoming requests and apply security policies before reaching the service handlers.
- Use third-party security tools to monitor and enforce security policies at the network level.
Middleware acts as a centralized point where security policies can be enforced across all microservices consistently. By intercepting incoming requests, middleware can authenticate, authorize, and apply other security measures before they reach the service handlers. Embedding security policies directly into each microservice's codebase can lead to inconsistencies and increase maintenance overhead. Third-party security tools may provide monitoring capabilities but lack the flexibility to enforce custom security policies tailored to your specific needs. Delegating security enforcement to a separate team can create communication barriers and slow down the development process.
Setting _______ connection limits prevents resource exhaustion in database connection pooling.
- dynamic
- fixed
- maximum
- optimized
Setting maximum connection limits prevents resource exhaustion in database connection pooling. By defining a maximum limit, the system ensures that there are not more connections than the system can handle, avoiding resource depletion.
_______ function is used to report memory allocations during benchmark execution.
- Allocs()
- BenchmarkAllocations()
- MemoryStats()
- ReportAllocs()
In Go benchmarking, the testing package provides the ReportAllocs() function to report memory allocations during benchmark execution, aiding in memory profiling.
Can a struct contain methods?
- No, a struct cannot contain methods
- Yes, a struct can contain methods as associated functions
- Yes, but only anonymous methods
- Yes, but only predefined methods
In Go, a struct can contain methods as associated functions. These methods are defined with a receiver, which allows them to be called on instances of the struct type.
Slices in Go are _______ types.
- array
- pointer
- reference
- value
Slices in Go are reference types. Unlike arrays, which are value types, slices are references to a contiguous segment of an array, allowing for dynamic sizing and sharing data between different slices.