Which cryptographic technique ensures that the content of a message or document has not been altered during transmission?
- Compression
- Encryption
- Hashing
- Steganography
Hashing is a cryptographic technique that ensures data integrity. It creates a fixed-size hash value from the original data, and any alteration in the data will result in a different hash value, indicating that the data has been tampered with.
The GDPR regulation primarily pertains to the protection of personal data for citizens of which region?
- Australia
- Canada
- European Union
- United States
The GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) primarily pertains to the protection of personal data for citizens of the European Union. It is a comprehensive data protection law that sets strict standards for how organizations handle personal data of EU residents, regardless of where the organization is based.
Sarah, a web security analyst, receives a report that a certain page on the company's website is vulnerable to an XSS attack. She decides to implement a CSP. Which of the following directives should she prioritize to mitigate this specific threat?
- font-src
- img-src
- media-src
- script-src
To mitigate the threat of XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attacks, Sarah should prioritize the script-src directive when implementing a CSP. This directive controls which scripts are allowed to execute on a web page, and by restricting this, she can mitigate the risk of malicious script execution.
SFTP and SCP both use which protocol as their underlying method for secure communication?
- HTTPS
- SSH
- SSL
- TLS
Both SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) and SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) use the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol for secure communication. SSH provides secure authentication and encrypted data transfer over an insecure network.
To effectively mitigate insider threats, organizations should focus on both technological solutions and fostering a culture of _______.
- Access Control
- Least Privilege
- Security Awareness
- Vulnerability Scanning
Organizations should focus on fostering a culture of "Security Awareness" to mitigate insider threats. This involves educating employees about security best practices and encouraging a shared responsibility for protecting the organization's data and systems.
An organization has detected an ongoing cyber attack. They've isolated the affected systems and are now focused on removing the threat and securing the systems to prevent the same attack in the future. Which phase of incident response are they currently in?
- Containment
- Eradication and Recovery
- Identification and Detection
- Preparation and Prevention
The organization is in the 'Eradication and Recovery' phase of incident response, where they are actively working to remove the threat and recover affected systems. This phase follows detection and containment.
What is the primary purpose of Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solutions?
- Enhance network performance
- Ensure fast data transfer
- Prevent unauthorized access
- Prevent unauthorized data loss
Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solutions are primarily designed to prevent unauthorized data loss. They help organizations monitor, detect, and prevent the unauthorized sharing or leakage of sensitive information, ensuring data security and compliance with data protection regulations.
Which type of IDS analyzes network traffic patterns and compares them with known attack signatures?
- Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System
- Antivirus Software
- Host-based Intrusion Detection System
- Network-based Intrusion Detection System
A network-based IDS (NIDS) analyzes network traffic patterns and compares them with known attack signatures to identify malicious activity within a network, making it a crucial component of network security.
Which of the following is not typically a part of an effective incident response plan?
- Communication plan
- Data backup plan
- Incident classification and prioritization
- Security awareness training
Security awareness training is not typically a direct part of an incident response plan but rather a proactive measure to educate employees about security best practices. An incident response plan focuses on how to react to and mitigate security incidents after they occur.
Which encryption algorithm, once considered very secure, is now deemed vulnerable due to advances in computing power?
- AES
- DES (Data Encryption Standard)
- RSA
- SHA-1
DES (Data Encryption Standard) is an encryption algorithm that was once considered very secure but is now deemed vulnerable due to advances in computing power. It has been replaced by more secure algorithms like AES.
An organization is looking to secure its sensitive data transmissions over the internet. They decide to use a system where both the sender and the receiver have a set of keys, one public and one private. Which encryption system are they likely implementing?
- AES
- DES
- RSA
- SHA-256
They are likely implementing the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) encryption system. RSA is a widely used public-key encryption system where each participant has a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. This ensures secure data transmission and is often used in secure communications and digital signatures.
An attacker sets up a rogue wireless access point with the same SSID as a legitimate network to trick users into connecting to it. What is this type of attack called?
- Brute Force Attack
- Denial-of-Service Attack
- Man-in-the-Middle Attack
- Phishing Attack
This is a "Man-in-the-Middle Attack" where the attacker intercepts communication between a user and a legitimate network by positioning themselves between them.