Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of parties in a communication. In SSL/TLS, it ensures that the client and server are who they claim to be, typically using digital certificates.

The policy that allows employees to use their personal devices for official work but also emphasizes security measures to protect company data is the BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policy. This policy outlines guidelines and security measures to ensure that sensitive company information remains secure when accessed on personal devices.

A Trojan horse (option 1) is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate software or file to trick users into downloading it. Unlike viruses or worms, Trojans typically do not replicate themselves. Once executed, they can provide unauthorized access to the affected computer.

Packet Filtering Firewalls operate at the network layer and make decisions based on IP addresses and ports.

Data Integrity, in encryption, ensures that data remains unchanged from its source and has not been accidentally or maliciously altered. This is vital to ensure the trustworthiness of data in transit or storage.

The principle of "least privilege" (also known as the principle of least privilege, or POLP) refers to providing system access based on the principle of "need to know" and giving users the minimum levels of access rights required to accomplish their tasks. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches.

Using dynamic queries is not recommended to prevent SQL injection. It opens the door to SQL injection attacks by allowing user input directly in SQL queries.

The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form is termed as "Deciphering." This process uses the decryption key to transform the encrypted data into its original, readable format.

An Access Control List (ACL) is a set of rules used in a firewall to control traffic by allowing or blocking based on defined criteria.

The primary difference is that TLS (Transport Layer Security) is an updated version of SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). They serve the same purpose, but TLS has addressed vulnerabilities present in SSL, making it more secure. TLS is a separate protocol with improvements over SSL.

This scenario is an example of "Baiting." Baiting involves leaving physical devices, such as infected USB drives, in places where individuals might find them and be tempted to use them. Mike's curiosity led to the installation of malware.

Effective cybersecurity policies require not just compliance with regulations but also the active involvement of all employees. Employee awareness, understanding, and adherence to policies play a crucial role in ensuring organizational security.