Fog computing is an extension of cloud computing. It extends cloud capabilities to the edge of the network and brings processing closer to the data source. This helps in reducing latency and improving efficiency, making it suitable for IoT and other applications.

WSNs typically have constrained energy sources and, as a result, need to use energy-efficient protocols and hardware to minimize energy consumption, which differs from traditional networks.

An advantage of using Linux-based operating systems for IoT devices is enhanced security. Linux offers robust security features and is open-source, allowing for customization and community support. While Linux can be configured for real-time performance, it's not a primary strength. Extensive graphical interfaces and compatibility with proprietary software may not always be necessary for IoT devices.

Edge computing is the type of computing that processes data closer to the data source in IoT. It's designed to reduce latency and enhance real-time data processing by moving computations closer to where the data is generated.

The storage requirements for IoT data are typically enormous and scalable. IoT devices generate a continuous stream of data, and this data must be stored for analysis and decision-making. As the number of IoT devices and data volume grow, the storage infrastructure must be able to expand to accommodate the increasing data demands.

Requiring both a password and a biometric scan is a form of Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). It adds an extra layer of security beyond a simple password, making it harder for unauthorized users to gain access.

IoT devices often generate diverse data types, including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. NoSQL databases are a suitable choice because they can handle various data types, provide flexibility, and scale horizontally to accommodate the growing data from wearable devices.

A significant vulnerability in IoT devices is the use of weak or default passwords, which can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access. It's essential to use strong, unique passwords to mitigate this risk.

CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is designed specifically for IoT scenarios where resources like memory and bandwidth are limited. It's a lightweight and efficient protocol that is well-suited for IoT devices with constrained capabilities. Unlike HTTP and TCP, CoAP is tailored for these resource-constrained environments.

The vision of a global network of interconnected computer networks, which laid the foundation for the Internet of Things (IoT), was first proposed by "J.C.R. Licklider." His ideas and contributions to the development of the ARPANET, a precursor to the internet, were instrumental in shaping the concept of IoT.

The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) was first coined by Kevin Ashton, a British technology pioneer, in the late 1990s. Ashton used this term to describe a network of objects or "things" connected to the internet, which could communicate and share data without human intervention. This concept laid the foundation for the IoT we know today.

The process of ensuring that an IoT device operates within its intended purpose and network is called "Device lifecycle management." It involves activities like provisioning, configuration, monitoring, and maintenance to keep the device functioning as expected.