Why is it important to isolate the unit from the rest of the software system during Unit Testing?
- To make testing faster
- To reduce the cost of testing
- To simplify the testing process
- To identify defects in the unit without interference
Isolating the unit from the rest of the software system during Unit Testing is essential to identify defects in the unit without interference from other components. It allows testers to focus on the specific unit being tested, making it easier to detect and address issues within that unit. This isolation is crucial for effective Unit Testing.
Consider a scenario where a software system, after a certain period, starts to decline in performance and user satisfaction. Discuss how different software evolution models might be deployed to revive and enhance the system.
- Use a patchwork approach
- Apply a complete system rewrite
- Implement performance optimization
- Continue with the existing system
When a software system experiences performance and user satisfaction issues, it's essential to consider performance optimization as a software evolution strategy. This involves identifying bottlenecks and improving system efficiency to enhance performance. A complete rewrite is costly and risky, and patchwork approaches may not address the root issues. Performance optimization is a targeted approach for improvement.
How does ISO/IEC 25010 address the issue of software maintainability and its sub-characteristics?
- It defines a new programming language.
- It provides guidelines for web design.
- It outlines a framework for software quality characteristics and sub-characteristics, including maintainability.
- It specifies hardware requirements.
ISO/IEC 25010 is an international standard that defines a framework for software quality characteristics and sub-characteristics. Among these characteristics is "Maintainability," which includes various sub-characteristics like "Analyzability," "Modifiability," and "Testability." It offers a structured way to assess and improve the maintainability of software systems.
Which design pattern restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance and provides a global point of access to it?
- Factory Pattern
- Singleton Pattern
- Observer Pattern
- Abstract Factory Pattern
The Singleton design pattern restricts the instantiation of a class to a single instance. It provides a global point of access to that instance, making it useful when you want to ensure there's only one instance of a class throughout your application, like a configuration manager, a database connection, or a logging service.
RESTful APIs use HTTP requests to POST, READ, PUT, and DELETE data, often referred to as ______ operations.
- Update
- Edit
- Modify
- Update
In RESTful API design, these operations are often referred to as "CRUD" operations, which stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. The "Modify" operation corresponds to the "Update" operation in CRUD.
Suppose a development team is building a microservices-based application. Discuss the potential strategies and considerations for designing APIs that facilitate communication between different microservices.
- Use RESTful APIs
- Implement GraphQL
- Design APIs with versioning
- Utilize WebSockets
In a microservices architecture, designing APIs with versioning is crucial to maintain backward compatibility while allowing for changes and enhancements. Versioning enables different microservices to communicate without breaking existing functionality.
Consider a situation in which a security team identifies a new piece of malware. How can reverse engineering aid in understanding its functionality and mitigating its impact?
- It can permanently remove the malware without analysis
- It can identify the malware's source code and author
- It can help understand how the malware operates and how to counteract it
- It can encrypt the malware to make it harmless
Reverse engineering can help dissect malware to understand its inner workings, discover vulnerabilities, and develop countermeasures to mitigate its impact.
How can the Dependency Inversion Principle be employed to minimize the impact of changes in lower-level modules on high-level modules?
- It can't be used for this purpose
- By making high-level modules dependent on low-level modules
- By minimizing the use of interfaces
- By inverting the dependencies
The Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) suggests inverting the traditional dependency relationship, where high-level modules should not depend on low-level modules directly. Instead, both should depend on abstractions (interfaces). This inversion reduces the impact of changes in lower-level modules on high-level modules because high-level modules only depend on abstract interfaces, making them more stable.
OAuth is a widely adopted open standard for access delegation commonly used for _____ authorization in APIs.
- Read
- Write
- User
- Token
OAuth is commonly used for "Token" authorization in APIs. OAuth allows a client to access resources on behalf of a resource owner, and it typically involves the use of access tokens for authorization.
What does the acronym "DBMS" stand for in the context of database design?
- Database Model Selection
- Database Management System
- Data Backup and Management Service
- Data Broadcasting and Messaging System
DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is software that allows users to interact with and manage databases, including tasks like data storage, retrieval, and data manipulation.
Unit Testing aids in the discovery of _____ in the initial phases of software development.
- Design flaws
- Syntax errors
- Documentation issues
- Database problems
Unit Testing helps in the discovery of design flaws in the initial phases of software development. It identifies issues related to how the code is structured and whether it aligns with the design and requirements. Detecting and addressing design flaws early can save time and resources in the long run.
How does the Chain of Responsibility design pattern decouple the sender and receiver objects?
- By making the sender and receiver objects tightly coupled
- By having a single object handle all requests
- By allowing multiple objects to handle a request in a chain
- By making the sender object directly call the receiver object
The Chain of Responsibility design pattern decouples the sender and receiver objects by allowing multiple objects to handle a request in a chain. Each handler in the chain decides whether to process the request or pass it to the next handler. This decoupling ensures that the sender doesn't need to know the specific receiver and can be more flexible.