Avro is preferred in scenarios with frequent schema modifications due to its support for schema evolution. Avro allows for the flexible addition and removal of fields, making it easier to handle changes in the data structure without breaking compatibility. This feature is crucial in dynamic environments where the schema evolves over time.

Apache Ambari is commonly used for deploying and managing Hadoop clusters. It provides a web-based interface for cluster provisioning, monitoring, and management, making it easier for administrators to set up and maintain Hadoop environments.

The administrator should focus on data replication. By ensuring that data is replicated across nodes, the impact of node failures can be mitigated. This approach enhances fault tolerance, as the loss of data on a single node can be compensated by its replicated copies on other nodes in the cluster.

Apache Oozie uses the Workflow Engine to interact with the Hadoop job tracker and execute jobs. The Workflow Engine coordinates the execution of actions and manages the workflow lifecycle, interacting with the underlying Hadoop ecosystem.

In MapReduce, the Input phase is responsible for preparing the data for processing by the Mapper. During this phase, input data is read and split into key-value pairs, which are then processed by the Mapper function.

Spark Streaming is the component of Apache Spark that enables the efficient processing of streaming data. It provides a high-level API for stream processing, allowing real-time analysis of data streams in the Spark framework.

In the context of Big Data transformation, data integration is a key challenge when integrating diverse data sources in Hadoop. It involves harmonizing data from various sources, formats, and structures to create a unified and meaningful view for analysis.

ZooKeeper plays a crucial role in managing a Hadoop cluster by providing centralized configuration management. It helps coordinate and synchronize distributed components, ensuring consistent and reliable configurations across the cluster, which is essential for the smooth operation of Hadoop services.

The component in Apache Flume responsible for collecting data is the Source. Sources are responsible for ingesting data from various input points and forwarding it to the Flume agent for further processing and routing.

The primary role of a Hadoop Administrator is cluster management. They are responsible for the installation, configuration, and maintenance of Hadoop clusters. This includes monitoring the health of the cluster, managing resources, and ensuring optimal performance for data processing tasks.

The primary goal of scaling a Hadoop cluster is to improve processing speed. Scaling allows the cluster to handle larger volumes of data and perform computations more efficiently by distributing the workload across a greater number of nodes. This enhances the overall performance of data processing tasks.

Hive follows the Schema-on-Read approach, where the schema is applied when the data is read rather than when it is written. This flexibility is useful for handling diverse and evolving data in big data scenarios.