Stress testing assesses the system's ability to withstand extreme conditions such as high traffic volumes or heavy loads. By pushing the system to its limits, testers can identify weaknesses or points of failure that need to be addressed to ensure optimal performance under stress.

Reviewing the database change deployment logs should be the first step in troubleshooting as it provides insights into any errors or issues that occurred during the deployment process, helping identify the root cause more efficiently.

Regression testing verifies that changes made to the database haven't introduced new defects or impacted existing functionalities.

Role-based access control (RBAC) is a security measure that restricts system access based on a user's role within an organization. Testing RBAC ensures that only users with the appropriate roles are able to access specific resources or perform certain actions within the database. Verifying RBAC functionality helps maintain data confidentiality and prevent unauthorized access, enhancing overall security measures.

The absence of enforced foreign key constraints can lead to data inconsistency, where incorrect relationships between tables exist. This poses risks such as invalid data references and integrity issues. Enforcing foreign key constraints is crucial to maintain data integrity and ensure accurate relationships between tables in the database.

A data profiling tool plays a crucial role in identifying data inconsistencies such as missing values, duplicates, and outliers. It helps in understanding the data quality and structure, which is essential for effective ETL testing.

Scalability testing for a database typically evaluates the performance of the database under increasing workload. This involves assessing how the database handles larger volumes of data and concurrent user interactions while maintaining acceptable performance levels. It helps identify potential bottlenecks and scalability issues in the system.

Role-based access control (RBAC) testing is a security testing technique that focuses on identifying potential vulnerabilities related to user roles and permissions within a database system. It involves testing various scenarios to ensure that users are granted appropriate access privileges based on their roles and responsibilities. RBAC testing helps mitigate security risks associated with unauthorized access and privilege escalation, enhancing the overall security posture of the database.

Testing the database schema and tables ensures data integrity by verifying that the structure and relationships defined in the schema are correctly implemented. It helps prevent data corruption, inconsistencies, and ensures accurate storage and retrieval of data. This is crucial for maintaining data quality and reliability.

Implementing a database testing tool like SQLUnit or DbUnit can significantly reduce human errors in testing by automating repetitive tasks and ensuring consistency in test execution. This automation leads to time-saving, improved test coverage, and better debugging support, justifying the implementation to management.

Extraction is the correct option. In the ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) process, the first step is to extract data from the source systems. This involves identifying the relevant data sources and pulling the required data into the ETL pipeline for further processing.

The DELETE statement in SQL is used to remove one or more rows from a table in a database. It is a Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement that allows users to remove unwanted data from a table, based on a specified condition if needed.