In this scenario, the vulnerability identified is Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR). It occurs when an application exposes internal implementation objects to users without proper authorization. To address this, the application should implement proper access controls and validate user permissions before granting access to sensitive features or data.

Test automation frameworks offer a systematic methodology for designing and executing database tests. These tests encompass various aspects such as validating data integrity, testing database performance, and ensuring compliance with business rules.

Automation frameworks facilitate consistent test execution, which is crucial for reliable and accurate results. Consistency ensures that tests are performed uniformly, reducing the likelihood of errors and inconsistencies.

White box testing involves examining the internal structure of the SQL query to identify any logic errors or anomalies that may cause incorrect results. By analyzing the query's code and execution paths, you can pinpoint and rectify issues that affect data retrieval accuracy.

SQL query testing ensures that the SQL queries return the correct results according to the intended logic and requirements. It involves checking the accuracy, completeness, and efficiency of SQL queries. This helps in identifying any discrepancies or errors in the data retrieval process.

SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is a popular tool for managing SQL Server databases, providing features for performance monitoring, query optimization, and administration tasks. DBeaver is a versatile database management tool that supports various database platforms and offers performance profiling capabilities to monitor database performance and troubleshoot issues.

Structural testing, also known as schema testing, ensures that the database schema follows the defined structure and constraints. It involves validating the database objects such as tables, columns, indexes, and relationships to ensure they conform to the specifications outlined in the schema design. This testing helps identify any discrepancies or errors in the database structure.

Scalability testing examines how a system handles increased workload. Horizontal scaling involves adding more resources, such as servers, to distribute the load across multiple machines. Therefore, as the term "horizontal" implies expansion across a wider base, it directly relates to the system's performance with increasing loads.

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is a standard language for interacting with relational databases. SQL is used to perform various operations such as inserting, updating, deleting, and retrieving data from databases. In the context of database testing, understanding SQL is crucial for writing and executing queries to validate the data and ensure the integrity of the database.

One of the challenges of using monitoring tools is handling large volumes of data generated during testing. This data can be overwhelming and may require efficient management and processing techniques to derive meaningful insights for performance optimization.

Data integrity ensures that data remains accurate, consistent, and reliable throughout its lifecycle. It involves maintaining the accuracy and consistency of data, preventing unauthorized access, and ensuring data reliability, which are crucial aspects in handling large data sets.

The correct option is "ROLLBACK." When starting a transaction with BEGIN TRANSACTION, it must be followed by a corresponding ROLLBACK statement to undo the changes made within the transaction if necessary.