The _____ method in a metaclass is executed when a new class is created.
- class
- init
- metaclass
- new
In Python, the __new__ method in a metaclass is executed when a new class is created. It allows you to customize the creation process of classes before __init__ is called.
The ____ function in TensorFlow or PyTorch is used to compute the gradient of a computation with respect to its input variables.
- backward
- calculate_gradient
- compute_gradient
- gradient
In deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch, the backward function (or backward() method) is used to compute the gradient of a computation with respect to its input variables. This is crucial for gradient-based optimization algorithms like stochastic gradient descent (SGD) during training.
The ____ function in Python’s time module can be used to measure the elapsed time and is useful for profiling.
- clock()
- measure()
- sleep()
- timeit()
The clock() function in Python's time module can be used to measure elapsed time. It's commonly used for profiling code execution and benchmarking. Note that in Python 3.3 and later, time.clock() has been deprecated in favor of time.perf_counter().
The ____ function in Pandas is used to pivot a DataFrame to create a reshaped, sorted DataFrame.
- pivot()
- pivot_table()
- rearrange()
- reshape()
In Pandas, the pivot_table() function is used to pivot a DataFrame, creating a reshaped and sorted DataFrame. This is particularly useful for summarizing and reshaping data for analysis.
The ____ function in Pandas is used to load a dataset from a CSV file into a DataFrame.
- import_data
- load_csv
- read_csv
- read_data
In Pandas, the read_csv function is used to read data from a CSV file and create a DataFrame, which is a fundamental operation for data manipulation and analysis in Python.
The ____ decorator is used to convert a function into a static method.
- @classmethod
- @classmethod
- @staticmethod
- @staticmethod()
In Python, the @staticmethod decorator is used to define a static method within a class. Static methods are methods that belong to a class rather than an instance and can be called on the class itself. They don't have access to the instance's state.
The ____ attribute in a Matplotlib Axes object represents the y-axis.
- get_yaxis
- set_y
- set_y_axis
- y_axis
In Matplotlib, the get_yaxis attribute represents the y-axis of an Axes object. This attribute allows you to access and modify properties of the y-axis, such as tick locations and labels.
The ____ attribute in a class is used to define its metaclass.
- __class__
- __init__
- __meta__
- __metaclass__
The __class__ attribute in a class is used to define its metaclass. It is assigned the metaclass when the class is defined.
The ____ algorithm is used to traverse all the vertices of a graph in depthward motion.
- A*
- Breadth-First Search (BFS)
- Depth-First Search (DFS)
- Dijkstra's
The Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithm is used to traverse all the vertices of a graph in a depthward motion. It explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
The ____ algorithm is commonly used to dynamically optimize and solve overlapping subproblems.
- Backtracking
- Divide and Conquer
- Dynamic Programming
- Greedy
The Dynamic Programming algorithm is commonly used to dynamically optimize and solve overlapping subproblems. It stores the results of subproblems to avoid redundant computation.
Python's ____ allows classes to be created dynamically, at runtime.
- decorators
- inheritance
- metaclasses
- polymorphism
Python's "metaclasses" allow classes to be created dynamically, at runtime. Metaclasses are responsible for creating and configuring classes.
In which scenarios is it most appropriate to use a metaclass instead of a class?
- When you need to customize the behavior of a specific instance.
- When you want to create a simple object.
- When you want to customize the behavior of a group of classes.
- When you want to define a new data type.
Metaclasses are most appropriate when you need to customize the behavior of a group of classes, such as enforcing coding standards, implementing singletons, or automating repetitive tasks for classes. They are not typically used for customizing individual instance behavior.