The concept of Version Control in automation strategy is essential to address changes in application features or environments. Version control systems, such as Git, help manage and track changes in test scripts and application code. This ensures collaboration among team members, facilitates easy rollback to previous versions if needed, and helps maintain consistency in the automation codebase.

The key assumption for applying the Sign Test is that the data must be at least ordinal. The Sign Test is a non-parametric test and does not require the assumption of normality.

The normal distribution, also known as the Gaussian distribution, is symmetric, and its mean, median, and mode are all equal. It is shaped like a bell curve, with the data evenly distributed about the mean.

Factor analysis reduces the dimensions of data by combining similar variables into groups or factors.

If the calculated Chi-square statistic is greater than the critical Chi-square value (based on the chosen significance level and the degrees of freedom), we reject the null hypothesis. This means the observed distribution significantly differs from the expected distribution.

If the expected frequency in any category is too small (common rule of thumb is less than 5), the Chi-square distribution approximation may be inaccurate, leading to incorrect conclusions.

Updating in Bayesian statistics refers to the process of using new evidence to update a prior probability to a posterior probability. Bayes' theorem provides the mathematical framework for this updating process.

The Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric test, meaning it does not assume that the underlying data follows a specific distribution.

Cloud-based testing platforms in mobile automation testing allow for testing on real device conditions. These platforms provide access to a diverse range of real devices, allowing testers to ensure that the application performs well across different devices and operating systems. Using cloud-based platforms enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of mobile automation testing by simulating real-world scenarios.

Apache JMeter handles distributed testing through a master-slave architecture. The master orchestrates the test execution by distributing the load among slave machines. This approach allows for scalability and the simulation of real-world scenarios with a higher number of concurrent users. It enables efficient utilization of resources and better performance testing of applications under different conditions.

A key principle of Continuous Integration (CI) is frequent and automated code integration. In CI, developers regularly integrate their code changes into a shared repository. Automated build and test processes are triggered upon each integration, helping to identify integration issues early in the development cycle. This practice ensures that the software remains in a continuously integratable state, leading to faster feedback and improved collaboration among team members.

The Sign Test is based on the direction of the differences between pairs.