When the following is executed: data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; filtered = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, data); print(list(filtered)), what is the output?
- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- [1, 3, 5]
- [2, 4]
- [4]
The filter function with the lambda expression filters out the even numbers from data, resulting in the output [2, 4].
How does 'snowflake schema' in a data warehouse improve upon the star schema?
- It adds more complexity to the data model.
- It eliminates the need for dimension tables.
- It increases the number of redundant fields in dimension tables.
- It normalizes dimension tables, reducing redundancy and improving data integrity.
The 'snowflake schema' improves upon the star schema by normalizing dimension tables, reducing redundancy, and improving data integrity. This makes the schema more flexible and scalable, allowing for efficient storage and maintenance of data in the data warehouse.
The process of transforming a complex query into a simpler query without changing the query result is known as SQL ________.
- Query Minimization
- Query Optimization
- Query Refactoring
- Query Simplification
SQL Query Optimization involves transforming a complex query into a simpler and more efficient form without altering the query result. It aims to improve performance and make the query more readable and maintainable.
For long-term projects, a data analyst maintains effective communication with stakeholders through regular _______.
- Data Reports
- Progress Updates
- Team Meetings
- Webinars
Regular team meetings are essential for maintaining effective communication with stakeholders in long-term projects. These meetings provide a platform to discuss progress, address concerns, and align goals among team members and stakeholders.
In DBMS, what does ACID stand for in the context of transactions?
- Access, Control, Integration, Distribution
- Accuracy, Cohesion, Inheritance, Dependency
- Association, Collaboration, Inheritance, Division
- Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. These properties ensure the reliability and integrity of transactions in a database, guaranteeing that they are processed reliably.
When integrating real-time data into a dashboard, what is a key factor to ensure data accuracy and timeliness?
- Data complexity
- Data latency
- Data storage
- Data volume
Data latency is a critical factor when integrating real-time data into a dashboard. It refers to the delay between the occurrence of an event and its reflection in the dashboard. Minimizing data latency ensures that the dashboard displays accurate and timely information.
_______ thinking is a method used to explore complex problems by viewing them from different perspectives.
- Analytical
- Creative
- Critical
- Design
Design thinking is a method used to explore complex problems by viewing them from different perspectives. It emphasizes creativity and innovation in problem-solving. Critical thinking is important but doesn't necessarily focus on different perspectives in the same way as design thinking. Analytical thinking is more about breaking down problems logically, and creative thinking is more about generating novel ideas.
In database normalization, the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy is referred to as _______.
- Aggregation
- Denormalization
- Indexing
- Normalization
In database normalization, the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy is referred to as "Normalization." This involves organizing data to minimize duplication and dependency, leading to a more efficient and structured database design.
In Excel, what is the difference between relative and absolute cell references?
- Absolute references are used for text data, and relative references are used for numeric data.
- Absolute references change automatically when a formula is copied, while relative references stay the same.
- Relative references adjust when a formula is copied to another cell, while absolute references remain constant.
- Relative references are only used in complex formulas.
The key difference is that relative references adjust when a formula is copied to another cell, whereas absolute references remain constant. This distinction is crucial for maintaining the integrity of formulas in Excel.
What does the address-of operator (&) do in C?
- It is a bitwise operator.
- It multiplies the value by 2.
- It returns the address of a variable.
- It returns the value stored at the address.
The address-of operator (&) in C is used to get the memory address of a variable. This allows you to access and manipulate the variable indirectly through pointers. It does not return the value stored at the address but the address itself.
Why is dynamic memory allocation used when dealing with arrays in C?
- To allow flexible array sizes
- To improve performance
- To reduce memory usage
- To simplify array manipulation
Dynamic memory allocation in C allows for the allocation and deallocation of memory during program execution, which is essential when the array size is not known at compile-time. It provides flexibility in memory usage.
What is the difference between the 'while' and 'do-while' loops in terms of their execution?
- The 'do-while' loop can only be used for iteration over arrays.
- The 'do-while' loop is not a valid loop construct in most programming languages.
- The 'while' loop always executes its code block at least once, while the 'do-while' loop may not execute it at all.
- The 'while' loop executes its code block in reverse order compared to the 'do-while' loop.
The 'while' loop and 'do-while' loop are both used for repetitive execution of a code block, but they differ in when the condition is checked. In a 'while' loop, the condition is checked before the loop body is executed. If the condition is false initially, the loop body may not execute at all. In a 'do-while' loop, the loop body is executed at least once before checking the condition. This guarantees that the code block will execute at least once, even if the condition is false.