In smart city applications, traffic sensors play a crucial role in collecting real-time traffic data, which is used to manage and optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance overall transportation efficiency.

"Wake on Demand" functionality in IoT devices means that the device remains in a low-power or sleep state until an external stimulus or event triggers it to wake up. This approach helps save power and resources by ensuring that the device is only active when necessary, making it an energy-efficient strategy for IoT applications.

RTOS stands for "Real-Time Operating System." It is an operating system designed for real-time applications where tasks have specific timing constraints.

The primary layers of IoT architecture typically include the Application Layer, which is responsible for interacting with end-users and applications. It's where data is processed and used for various IoT applications.

Rust is known for its lightweight and efficient characteristics, making it a suitable choice for resource-constrained devices like smart wearables. While Python, Java, and C are widely used, they may not be as efficient on such devices.

The concept of "Right to be Forgotten," especially in the realm of IoT, is derived from "European Union (EU) Regulations." EU regulations emphasize individuals' right to have their personal data erased, which impacts IoT data privacy.

In Edge computing, intermediary nodes (often located closer to the end-devices) process data before it's sent to the cloud. This reduces latency and can be crucial for real-time or time-sensitive applications, making it a suitable choice for IoT scenarios.

Cloud computing is the technology that primarily supports the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices. IoT devices generate enormous quantities of data, and cloud platforms provide scalable and flexible infrastructure for storing, processing, and analyzing this data. Cloud computing also enables remote access and real-time monitoring of IoT devices.

One of the primary reasons IoT devices employ low-power modes is to conserve battery life. IoT devices are often deployed in remote or inaccessible locations where changing batteries can be challenging, so optimizing power consumption is crucial.

In a typical WSN, sensor nodes collect and process data. These nodes are responsible for sensing the environment, processing the collected data, and transmitting relevant information to the base station or other nodes in the network.

In IoT healthcare applications, remote patient monitoring primarily employs Cellular (3G/4G/5G) Communication. Cellular networks offer widespread coverage and reliable connectivity for transmitting patient data to healthcare providers, ensuring that critical health information can be monitored in real-time.

In IoT projects, the phase where potential risks and challenges are identified is known as "Risk Identification." This process involves recognizing and documenting possible issues that could impact the project's success.