Which directory contains the primary index.php file that serves as the entry point for a CodeIgniter application?
- application
- public
- root
- system
The primary index.php file that serves as the entry point for a CodeIgniter application is located in the 'public' directory. This file initializes the framework and routes incoming requests to the appropriate controllers. It is essential for the proper functioning of the CodeIgniter application.
In OAuth, what is the difference between an access token and a refresh token?
- A string representing the resource owner's authorization grant
- A token issued to the client to access protected resources
- A token that contains information about the user
- A token used to obtain a new access token
In OAuth, an access token is used to access a resource, while a refresh token is used to obtain a new access token when the original one expires. The refresh token provides a way to maintain access without requiring the user to re-authenticate.
How does the use of Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks contribute to SQL injection prevention?
- It abstracts database interactions
- It encrypts the database
- It uses plain SQL queries
- It validates user inputs only
Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) frameworks, such as those used in CodeIgniter, contribute to SQL injection prevention by abstracting database interactions. This means that the framework automatically handles the translation of high-level object-oriented code into the underlying SQL queries, reducing the risk of SQL injection by preventing direct user input in SQL statements.
How does CodeIgniter's view caching mechanism work?
- It compresses views and stores them in a separate folder.
- It encrypts views and caches them in the database.
- It generates dynamic views on-the-fly without caching.
- It stores pre-rendered views in a cache for faster retrieval.
CodeIgniter's view caching mechanism works by storing pre-rendered views in a cache, enhancing performance by avoiding repeated rendering of the same views. This is especially useful in scenarios where views don't change frequently.
In terms of security, why is relying solely on client-side validation not advisable?
- It can be easily bypassed by malicious users
- It conflicts with browser settings
- It requires additional server resources
- It slows down form submission
Relying solely on client-side validation is not advisable for security reasons because it can be easily bypassed by malicious users. Client-side validation is performed on the user's browser, and a knowledgeable attacker can manipulate or disable it. Server-side validation is essential to ensure that data integrity and security are maintained.
Which HTTP header is essential for mitigating CSRF attacks?
- Anti-CSRF
- CSRF-Token
- X-CSRF-Token
- X-Frame-Options
CSRF attacks can be mitigated by using a unique token associated with the user session. This token is typically sent in a custom HTTP header, such as X-CSRF-Token. It helps verify the legitimacy of the request and prevents attackers from forging requests on behalf of the user.
In a scenario where a view needs to display dynamic data based on user inputs, the best practice in CodeIgniter is to ________.
- Embed raw user input directly in the view.
- Perform data processing and manipulation in the controller and pass the processed data to the view.
- Use $this->input->post() directly in the view file.
- Use inline PHP code to fetch data directly from the database in the view.
It is a best practice in CodeIgniter to keep the views simple and responsible for presentation only. Therefore, data processing and manipulation based on user inputs should be done in the controller, and the processed data should be passed to the view. This enhances code maintainability and separation of concerns.
Explain the role of the 'hooks' directory in advanced CodeIgniter applications.
- It allows extending and modifying the framework.
- It houses global helper functions for the app.
- It is a directory for managing session data.
- It is used for storing template files.
The 'hooks' directory in CodeIgniter enables developers to extend and modify the framework's behavior by defining custom hooks. This is especially useful for advanced applications requiring specific customizations.
The function name in a CodeIgniter Helper file typically ends with the suffix ________.
- _helper
- _function
- _lib
- _code
The correct option is "a) _helper". In CodeIgniter, Helper function names usually end with the "_helper" suffix to distinguish them as Helper functions.
For advanced caching in CodeIgniter, the cache adapter is set in the ________ configuration file.
- cache.php
- config.php
- database.php
- routes.php
CodeIgniter uses the config.php file to set up various configurations, including the cache adapter for advanced caching.
To retrieve database error messages in CodeIgniter, use the ________ function.
- db_error()
- error_msg()
- get_error()
- last_error()
In CodeIgniter, to retrieve database error messages, the correct function is db_error(). This function allows you to get the last database error that occurred.
To enhance security, a developer implements a feature that checks the referrer header and token validity. This technique is known as ________.
- CSRF Protection
- Cross-Origin Security
- Header Validation
- Token Authentication
This technique is known as CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection, where the referrer header and token validity are checked to prevent unauthorized form submissions.