Consider a self-driving car learning from trial and error in a simulated environment. This is an example of which type of learning?
- Deep Learning
- Reinforcement Learning
- Supervised Learning
- Unsupervised Learning
This scenario exemplifies Reinforcement Learning. In Reinforcement Learning, an agent learns to take actions in an environment to maximize a reward signal. The self-driving car explores different actions (e.g., steering, accelerating, braking) and learns from the consequences in a simulated environment to improve its driving skills.
An advanced application of NLP in healthcare is the creation of virtual health assistants or ________.
- Chatbots
- Recipe Generators
- Weather Predictors
- Gaming Characters
NLP in healthcare can create virtual health assistants, known as chatbots, to assist with medical inquiries and provide information to patients.
Which component of the Actor-Critic model is responsible for evaluating the actions taken by the agent?
- The Critic
- The Actor
- The Decision Maker
- The Environment
The Critic in the Actor-Critic architecture evaluates the actions taken by the agent by providing feedback on the quality of these actions.
In the context of machine learning, what is the main difference between supervised and unsupervised learning in terms of data?
- Feature selection
- Hyperparameter tuning
- Labeled data
- Unlabeled data
The main difference between supervised and unsupervised learning is the presence of labeled data in supervised learning. In supervised learning, the model is trained using labeled data, which means it knows the correct answers. Unsupervised learning, on the other hand, works with unlabeled data, where the model has to find patterns and relationships on its own. Feature selection and hyperparameter tuning are aspects of model training but not the key distinction.
A fashion company wants to create new designs based on current fashion trends. They decide to use machine learning to generate these designs. Which technology would be best suited for this purpose?
- Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
- Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)
- Support Vector Machines (SVM)
- Decision Trees
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are particularly well-suited for image-related tasks, making them ideal for generating fashion designs based on trends. CNNs can capture intricate patterns and styles within images, which is essential in the fashion industry.
When a model is trained on one task and the learned features are used as a starting point for a model on a second task, it's known as ________.
- Transfer Learning
- Data Augmentation
- Ensemble Learning
- Gradient Boosting
Transfer learning is a technique where knowledge gained from one task is applied as the starting point for another task. This helps leverage pre-trained models and speeds up learning on the new task.
Decision Trees often suffer from ______, where they perform well on training data but poorly on new, unseen data.
- Overfitting
- Pruning
- Splitting
- Underfitting
Decision Trees are prone to "Overfitting," where they become too complex and fit the training data too closely. This can lead to poor generalization to new, unseen data.
In time series forecasting, the goal is to predict future ________ based on past observations.
- Events
- Trends
- Weather
- Stock Prices
Time series forecasting aims to predict future trends or patterns based on historical data, which can be applied in various fields like finance or weather.
In the context of the bias-variance trade-off, which one is typically associated with complex models with many parameters?
- Balanced Bias-Variance
- High Bias
- High Variance
- Neither
High Variance is typically associated with complex models with many parameters. Complex models are more flexible and tend to fit the training data closely, resulting in high variance, which can lead to overfitting.
One of the challenges in training deep RNNs is the ________ gradient problem, which affects the network's ability to learn long-range dependencies.
- Vanishing
- Exploding
- Overfitting
- Regularization
The vanishing gradient problem refers to the issue where gradients in deep RNNs become too small during training, making it challenging to capture long-range dependencies.
What does the "G" in GRU stand for when referring to a type of RNN?
- Gated
- Global
- Gradient
- Graph
The "G" in GRU stands for "Gated." GRU is a type of RNN that uses gating mechanisms to control information flow, making it capable of handling sequences efficiently.
When aiming to reduce both bias and variance, one might use techniques like ________ to regularize a model.
- Cross-Validation
- Data Augmentation
- Dropout
- L1 Regularization
L1 regularization is a technique used to reduce both bias and variance in a machine learning model. It does so by adding a penalty term to the model's loss function, which encourages the model to use fewer features, thus reducing complexity and variance. Dropout, Cross-Validation, and Data Augmentation are techniques but are not primarily used for regularization.