The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a cognitive bias wherein individuals with low ability or knowledge tend to overestimate their own competence relative to others. This occurs due to a lack of metacognitive skills, leading them to be unable to recognize their own incompetence. Essentially, those with limited knowledge or skills may believe they are much more proficient than they actually are.

Active listening involves fully concentrating on what is being said rather than just passively 'hearing' the message. It involves techniques such as paraphrasing, summarizing, and reflecting back the speaker's words to ensure understanding.

Trust is crucial for building cooperation among team members as it creates a foundation of reliability, mutual respect, and psychological safety. When team members trust one another, they feel comfortable sharing ideas, taking risks, and working collaboratively towards common goals. Transparency, honesty, and consistent communication contribute to the development of trust within a team.

DNS stands for Domain Name System, which translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites using human-readable domain names instead of numerical IP addresses.

Addressing the root causes of overtime work involves fostering a supportive work environment where team members feel comfortable discussing workload issues. By providing support and promoting work-life balance, productivity can improve, and the need for overtime diminishes. Implementing punitive measures may lead to resentment and lower morale, hindering overall team performance.

Effective customer relations contribute to business success by enhancing brand reputation. When businesses prioritize customer satisfaction and provide excellent service, they build a positive reputation, leading to increased customer loyalty, word-of-mouth referrals, and ultimately, business growth.

Negotiation is primarily about achieving a win-win outcome where both parties benefit from the agreement. This fosters long-term relationships and mutual trust, leading to continued cooperation.

Visual aids such as charts and graphs can enhance clarity by presenting complex information in a visually appealing and understandable format. They help in organizing data, making comparisons, and highlighting key points, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of written communication.

Subnetting is used to break a large network into smaller ones, improving efficiency, manageability, and security. By dividing the network, it allows for better organization of devices, easier troubleshooting, and more efficient use of IP addresses.

In project management, a risk is a potential future event or condition that may have a negative impact on project objectives. An issue, on the other hand, is a current problem or concern that is affecting the project. Risks are uncertain events that may occur in the future, while issues are existing problems that need to be addressed immediately.

In data cleansing, the term "data deduplication" refers to the process of identifying and removing duplicate records or entries from a dataset. By detecting and eliminating redundant data, data deduplication helps improve data quality, reduce storage space requirements, and enhance the efficiency of data processing and analysis. It is a crucial step in maintaining data integrity and consistency.

Data Lakes differ from traditional data storage systems in that they store data in its raw format, preserving its original structure without the need for upfront schema definition or normalization.