In Git, what does the command git push -u origin master do?
- Push the changes from the local 'master' branch to the 'origin' remote repository, setting up a tracking relationship.
- Undo the last commit on the 'master' branch and push the changes to the 'origin' remote repository.
- Push the changes from the 'origin' remote repository to the local 'master' branch.
- Update the 'origin' remote repository with changes from the local 'master' branch, ignoring any conflicts.
The '-u' option sets up a tracking relationship, linking the local 'master' branch with the 'origin' remote repository, simplifying future push/pull operations.
How does a pull request facilitate collaboration in a Git-based project?
- It allows team members to review and discuss proposed changes before merging.
- It automatically merges changes without any human intervention.
- It reverts the repository to a previous state.
- It creates a new branch for each team member.
A pull request enables collaboration by providing a mechanism for team members to review, discuss, and approve changes before they are merged into the main codebase. It enhances code quality and ensures that everyone is on the same page regarding the modifications.
Which command in Git helps in rewriting commit history?
- git commit --amend
- git commit --force
- git rebase -i
- git merge --squash
The git rebase -i command is used for interactive rebasing, allowing you to modify and rewrite commit history. It provides options to reorder, edit, squash, or drop commits, giving you flexibility in shaping the commit history.
During a collaborative project, a team member needs to update their local repository with changes from the remote repository. Which sequence of Git commands is appropriate?
- git pull origin master
- git fetch origin followed by git merge origin/master
- git push origin master
- git clone repository-url
The correct option is b. git fetch origin followed by git merge origin/master. This sequence fetches changes from the remote repository without automatically merging them, allowing the developer to review changes before merging. git pull origin master combines git fetch and git merge in one command. git push origin master is used to push changes to the remote repository, and git clone is used to clone a repository.
Large projects utilizing Git often implement ________ to enforce coding standards and review processes.
- Git Hooks
- Git Flow
- Git Submodules
- Git Tags
Git Hooks are scripts that can be triggered at different points in the Git workflow. They are commonly used in large projects to enforce coding standards and review processes by running checks before allowing commits or pushes.
How can you view the changes between the working directory and the index or staging area in Git?
- git diff
- git status
- git show
- git log
The correct option is git diff. This command shows the differences between the working directory and the index or staging area, allowing you to review changes before committing them. git status shows the status of your working directory, git show displays information about a specific commit, and git log shows the commit history.
To improve performance in a repository with a long history, Git allows a '__________' to reduce the amount of data cloned.
- Shallow Clone
- Sparse Clone
- Narrow Clone
- Slim Clone
In Git, a Sparse Clone is used to reduce the amount of data cloned by fetching only specific parts of the repository, improving performance in repositories with long histories.
What Git feature is particularly useful for distributed teams to review each other's work?
- Git Submodules
- Git Pull Requests
- Git Stash
- Git Index
Git Pull Requests are a valuable feature for distributed teams to review and discuss changes before they are merged into the main branch. They provide a structured way for team members to collaborate on code changes.
To optimize large Git repositories, the technique of __________ can be used to split a repository into smaller, more manageable pieces.
- Shallow cloning
- Git bisect
- Repository forking
- Git submodules
Git submodules allow splitting a repository into smaller, independent parts. This helps in managing large codebases efficiently, allowing teams to work on specific modules without affecting the entire repository.
A Git alias can be created using the command git config --global alias.___ .
- shortcuts
- custom
- alias
- cmd
Git aliases are created using the git config command with the alias parameter.
A developer accidentally commits sensitive data to a public repository. What steps should they take to rectify this?
- Use the "git revert" command to undo the commit
- Use "git reset" to remove the commit from history
- Create a new commit with the sensitive data removed
- Use "git commit --amend" to modify the last commit
The correct option is to use "git reset" to remove the commit from history. Reverting is used for creating a new commit that undoes the changes, while amending is used to modify the last commit. Reset is the appropriate choice for removing a commit from history.
Why are code reviews important in collaborative Git projects?
- To find and fix bugs in the code
- To ensure coding standards are followed
- To share knowledge among team members
- To slow down the development process
Code reviews play a crucial role in maintaining code quality and consistency in collaborative projects. They help identify bugs, ensure adherence to coding standards, and promote knowledge sharing among team members. Regular code reviews contribute to overall team efficiency and produce higher-quality software.