Imagine you need to create a function in R that calculates the mean of a vector, then subtracts the mean from each element of the vector. How would you use a nested function to do this?

  • subtract_mean <- function(vector) { mean_value <- mean(vector); subtracted <- function(x) { x - mean_value }; subtracted(vector) }
  • subtract_mean <- function(vector) { mean_value <- mean(vector); subtracted <- lapply(vector, function(x) { x - mean_value }); return(subtracted) }
  • subtract_mean <- function(vector) { mean_value <- mean(vector); subtracted <- sapply(vector, function(x) { x - mean_value }); return(subtracted) }
  • All of the above
To use a nested function in R to calculate the mean of a vector and subtract the mean from each element, you can use the following code: subtract_mean <- function(vector) { mean_value <- mean(vector); subtracted <- function(x) { x - mean_value }; subtracted(vector) }. The nested function subtracted is defined within the main function subtract_mean. It captures the mean_value from the outer function's environment and subtracts it from each element of the vector. Finally, the nested function is called with the vector as the argument.
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