Imagine you have a dataset with a column of grades ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'F') and you want to add a column that indicates if the grade is 'pass' or 'fail'. How would you do this using a nested if statement in R?

To add a column indicating if a grade is 'pass' or 'fail' using a nested if statement in R, you can use the following structure: if (grades == 'A') { 'pass' } elseif (grades == 'B') { 'pass' } elseif (grades == 'C') { 'pass' } else { 'fail' }. This nested if statement checks each grade condition sequentially and assigns the corresponding pass or fail outcome.