Imagine you're working with a large data set in R and need to perform operations on an array that's not memory-efficient. How would you handle this situation?

When working with a large data set in R and facing memory limitations with an array, you can handle the situation by utilizing memory-mapping techniques to access data on disk instead of loading everything into memory at once. Another approach is to implement chunk-wise processing, where you operate on subsets of the array at a time to reduce memory usage. Additionally, if the array has a sparse structure, converting it to a sparse representation can significantly reduce memory requirements while still allowing efficient operations. These strategies enable working with large arrays that do not fit entirely in memory.