What is a race condition, and how would you use the -race flag to detect it in a Go program?

A race condition is a critical concurrency issue where two or more goroutines access shared data without proper synchronization, leading to unpredictable and erroneous behavior. The -race flag in Go is a powerful tool for detecting race conditions. When you compile your Go program with the -race flag, the Go runtime will instrument your code to track all accesses to shared variables. If it detects a race condition during runtime, it will report it, helping you identify and fix the issue. The -race flag is a vital tool for ensuring the correctness of concurrent Go programs.