You are tasked with evolving the schema of a critical, high-traffic database while minimizing downtime and data inconsistency. What strategies would you employ to safely apply schema migrations?

  • Use database migration tools with rollback support.
  • Apply schema changes during off-peak hours.
  • Utilize database versioning and backward-compatible changes.
  • Pause the database for maintenance during schema updates.
Option (1) is a common approach as it allows you to apply changes with rollback capabilities. Option (2) is valid to minimize the impact on users. Option (3) is also important, using versioning and backward-compatible changes ensures a smoother transition. Option (4) is typically not recommended, as it causes downtime.
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