You’re maintaining a legacy C++ codebase which has limited comments and documentation. You encounter an erratic bug that only appears in the optimized build. What strategy might be most effective in isolating and fixing the bug? 

  • Add extensive documentation first
  • Compare optimized and unoptimized assembly 
  • Refactor the entire codebase 
  • Use printf debugging 
Comparing the optimized and unoptimized assembly can provide insights into how the compiler is altering the code, potentially revealing the source of the erratic behavior. It's a meticulous process but can be effective for bugs that only manifest in optimized builds due to compiler transformations.
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