How does the temporal dead zone affect variables declared with let and const?

  • Variables become undefined
  • Variables are hoisted to the top of the scope
  • Variables cannot be reassigned
  • Variables retain their initial value
The temporal dead zone is a phase during which variables declared with let and const exist but cannot be accessed or assigned. Attempting to use such variables before their declaration results in a ReferenceError. However, the variables are hoisted, meaning their declarations are moved to the top of the scope, but their assignments remain in place. This affects the behavior of code and is crucial to understand for avoiding bugs.
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