Explain the concept of covering indexes and how they optimize query performance.

  • Including all columns in the index
  • Reducing the number of indexes
  • Reducing the number of rows scanned
  • Storing only non-key columns
Covering indexes include all columns referenced in a query, reducing the need for database lookups and thus improving query performance. This is because the required data can be retrieved directly from the index without accessing the actual table, saving time and resources.
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