What is the difference between functional dependency and transitive dependency in database normalization?

Functional dependency and transitive dependency are fundamental concepts in database normalization. Functional dependency refers to a situation where the value of one attribute uniquely determines the value of another attribute in a database table. For example, in a table of employees, if the employee ID uniquely determines the employee's email address, we say there is a functional dependency between ID and email. Transitive dependency, on the other hand, occurs when a non-key attribute determines another non-key attribute. For instance, if in the same employee table, the department name is determined by the manager's name, which in turn is determined by the employee ID, then we have a transitive dependency. The goal of normalization is to minimize or eliminate such dependencies to ensure data integrity and reduce redundancy.