You're tasked with designing an efficient algorithm to find the two elements in an array whose sum equals a given target value. How would you approach this problem?
- Utilize a brute-force approach
- Implement a hash table for constant-time lookups
- Sort the array and use two pointers to find the elements
- Use a binary search tree to store array elements
Option 3 is the most efficient approach because sorting the array allows us to use the two-pointer technique in linear time. This solution has O(n log n) time complexity due to sorting, with O(1) space complexity.
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