What type of bias could be introduced by mean/median/mode imputation, particularly if the data is not missing at random?

  • Confirmation bias
  • Overfitting bias
  • Selection bias
  • Underfitting bias
Mean/Median/Mode Imputation, particularly when data is not missing at random, could introduce a type of bias known as 'Selection Bias'. This is because it might lead to incorrect estimation of variability and distorted representation of true relationships between variables, as the substituted values may not accurately reflect the reasons behind the missingness.
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