Which method for dealing with missing data might introduce bias if the data is not missing completely at random?

  • Listwise Deletion
  • Mean/Median/Mode Imputation
  • Pairwise Deletion
  • Regression Imputation
Mean/Median/Mode Imputation might introduce bias if the data is not missing completely at random. If missing values have some systematic patterns, replacing them with mean, median, or mode might lead to incorrect estimation of variability and biased results.
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