What considerations should be taken into account for error handling in APIs created with Node.js and Express or Python and Flask?

Effective error handling is essential in API development. Defining clear error codes and messages is crucial for both developers and consumers of the API to understand issues and take appropriate action. Additionally, logging errors for debugging and monitoring helps in diagnosing problems and maintaining the API's reliability. Returning stack traces in responses is generally not recommended, as it may expose sensitive information and create security risks.