How does a database ensure data integrity during concurrent transactions?

  • ACID properties
  • Optimistic concurrency control
  • Transactions isolation levels
  • Using locks
Databases ensure data integrity during concurrent transactions through transactions isolation levels, which define the visibility of changes made by one transaction to other transactions. These levels include Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, and Serializable, each providing a different balance between performance and data consistency.
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