Can Pearson's Correlation Coefficient determine causality?

  • No, never
  • Yes, always
  • Yes, but additional information is required
  • Yes, but only if the coefficient is 1 or -1
No, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient cannot determine causality. It can only measure the degree of linear correlation between two variables. While two variables may be correlated, it does not mean that changes in one variable cause changes in the other. Correlation does not imply causation.
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