Explain the concept of conditional independence in probability theory.

It is another term for mutual exclusivity
It means that the independence of two events does not depend on the occurrence of any other events
It means that two events are independent only when a third event does not occur
It means that two events are independent only when a third event occurs

Conditional independence in probability theory refers to a situation where two events are independent given the occurrence of a third event. Mathematically, two events A and B are conditionally independent given a third event C if the probability of the intersection of A and B given C is the product of the probabilities of A given C and B given C.

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