How does the presence of outliers affect measures of dispersion like range, variance, and standard deviation?

  • Decreases them
  • Depends on the values of the outliers
  • Increases them
  • No effect
Outliers can greatly affect measures of dispersion like the range, variance, and standard deviation by making them larger. These measures consider the distance of each value from the mean, so an outlier (which is a value that is significantly higher or lower than the other values) can result in a much larger measure of dispersion.
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