What advanced technique is used in automated security testing to simulate real-world hacking attacks?

Penetration testing is an advanced technique in automated security testing that simulates real-world hacking attacks. It involves actively probing the application for vulnerabilities, exploiting them, and assessing the impact. Unlike white-box and grey-box testing, which focus on internal structures and code, penetration testing evaluates the security posture of the application from an external perspective, identifying potential entry points for attackers. Fuzz testing, on the other hand, involves inputting random or malformed data to discover vulnerabilities.