Which encryption mode ensures that the same plaintext input will always result in different ciphertext outputs?

  • Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
  • Counter (CTR)
  • Electronic Codebook (ECB)
  • Galois/Counter Mode (GCM)
Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) ensures that the same plaintext input will always result in different ciphertext outputs by combining the Counter (CTR) mode with Galois field multiplication. This mode provides high performance and parallelizability while maintaining the security of encryption. It's commonly used in applications where data integrity and confidentiality are paramount, such as in database encryption to prevent patterns from being discerned from repeated plaintexts.
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