What is the role of a cryptographic module in data encryption and decryption?

A cryptographic module plays a critical role in data encryption and decryption by implementing encryption and decryption algorithms. These modules are responsible for transforming plaintext data into ciphertext during encryption and vice versa during decryption, using cryptographic algorithms and keys. They provide the necessary functionality to secure data stored in databases, ensuring confidentiality and protection against unauthorized access. By managing encryption keys and performing cryptographic operations, these modules safeguard sensitive information from potential threats. Therefore, option 4 accurately describes the role of a cryptographic module in data encryption and decryption.