In a program that processes large volumes of numerical data, which file format would be more efficient in terms of storage space and data retrieval speed?

Binary File Format would be more efficient for large volumes of numerical data. Unlike plain text formats like CSV, binary formats store data in a more compact and direct way, reducing storage space requirements. Additionally, binary files allow for faster data retrieval because they can be read directly into memory without parsing, making them suitable for applications that prioritize speed and efficiency in processing numerical data.