Multi-factor authentication typically involves how many different forms of evidence (or factors) for verifying a user's identity?
- Four factors
- One factor
- Three factors
- Two factors
Multi-factor authentication typically involves two or more different forms of evidence (factors) for verifying a user's identity. These factors can include something the user knows (password), something the user has (smart card or mobile device), and something the user is (biometric data like fingerprints).
Which authentication method involves something the user physically possesses, like a smart card or token?
- Biometric authentication
- Two-factor authentication
- Password authentication
- Single-factor authentication
Two-factor authentication (2FA) involves something the user physically possesses (like a smart card or token) and something they know (like a PIN or password). It provides an additional layer of security beyond just a password, making it more challenging for unauthorized users to gain access.
Which of the following best describes the concept of "role-based access control"?
- Access control is not enforced
- All users have equal access to all resources
- Users are authenticated using biometrics
- Users are grouped based on job roles, and permissions are assigned accordingly
Role-based access control (RBAC) is a concept in which users are grouped based on their job roles, and permissions are assigned accordingly. This approach simplifies access control by granting or restricting access based on job responsibilities, ensuring that users only have access to resources essential for their roles, which enhances security and administrative efficiency.
What is the primary difference between a vulnerability assessment and penetration testing?
- Goals and Scope
- Reporting and Remediation
- Timing and Frequency
- Tools and Techniques
The primary difference is in their goals and scope. Vulnerability assessments aim to identify vulnerabilities broadly, while penetration testing is focused on exploiting vulnerabilities to test system security. It's a difference in approach and objectives.
A company has remote employees who often access the company's internal network from public Wi-Fi hotspots. Which technology can ensure that the data transmitted between the remote employees and the company remains confidential and secure?
- Encryption
- Firewall
- Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is the most suitable solution to ensure data confidentiality and security when accessing internal resources over public networks. It encrypts the data, making it secure from eavesdroppers.
A company recently suffered a data breach. Upon investigation, it was found that they failed to encrypt customer data, which is a requirement under the regulation they adhere to. This situation could result in what kind of repercussions for the company?
- Enhanced public image
- Improved customer trust
- Legal penalties
- Reduced operational costs
The failure to encrypt customer data, especially when it's a requirement under regulation, can lead to legal penalties and fines due to non-compliance with data protection laws.
David is setting up a new computer for his company's CEO. He wants to ensure that even if the laptop is lost or stolen, the data on it cannot be accessed without proper authentication. Which of the following would be the most effective solution?
- Antivirus Software
- Biometric Authentication
- Firewall
- Full Disk Encryption
The most effective solution for ensuring that data on a lost or stolen laptop cannot be accessed without proper authentication is Full Disk Encryption. Full Disk Encryption encrypts the entire contents of the hard drive, making the data inaccessible without the correct decryption key or password.
In the context of insider threats, what term describes the unintentional actions of employees that lead to security breaches?
- Espionage
- Fraud
- Negligence
- Sabotage
Negligence in the context of insider threats refers to the unintentional actions or mistakes made by employees that can compromise security. This could include actions like clicking on a malicious link in an email, inadvertently sharing sensitive information, or misconfiguring security settings, all of which can lead to security breaches.
What is the primary difference between a security standard and a security regulation?
- Standards are legally binding, while regulations are recommendations
- Standards are long-term, while regulations are short-term
- Standards are technical, while regulations are organizational
- Standards are voluntary, while regulations are mandatory
The primary difference lies in the legal status. Security standards are usually voluntary and serve as best practices, while security regulations are legally binding and mandatory, often enforced by governments or industry bodies.
Which secure coding practice helps prevent SQL injection attacks by ensuring that user input does not run as code?
- Code Encryption
- Database Backups
- Input Validation
- Password Hashing
Input Validation is a practice that checks and sanitizes user input to prevent it from being executed as SQL code, thereby thwarting SQL injection.