By processing data at the source, "Fog" computing reduces latency in IoT applications. Fog computing extends cloud computing to the edge of the network, closer to where data is generated, reducing the need to transmit all data to a distant cloud server. This helps in real-time data processing and lower latency.

The State pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The change in behavior is implemented as a state transition within the same object, rather than as a change in class. This results in a cleaner, more maintainable implementation of state-dependent behavior.

In Edge computing, intermediary nodes (often located closer to the end-devices) process data before it's sent to the cloud. This reduces latency and can be crucial for real-time or time-sensitive applications, making it a suitable choice for IoT scenarios.

The concept of "Right to be Forgotten," especially in the realm of IoT, is derived from "European Union (EU) Regulations." EU regulations emphasize individuals' right to have their personal data erased, which impacts IoT data privacy.

Rust is known for its lightweight and efficient characteristics, making it a suitable choice for resource-constrained devices like smart wearables. While Python, Java, and C are widely used, they may not be as efficient on such devices.

The primary layers of IoT architecture typically include the Application Layer, which is responsible for interacting with end-users and applications. It's where data is processed and used for various IoT applications.

RTOS stands for "Real-Time Operating System." It is an operating system designed for real-time applications where tasks have specific timing constraints.

"Wake on Demand" functionality in IoT devices means that the device remains in a low-power or sleep state until an external stimulus or event triggers it to wake up. This approach helps save power and resources by ensuring that the device is only active when necessary, making it an energy-efficient strategy for IoT applications.

In smart city applications, traffic sensors play a crucial role in collecting real-time traffic data, which is used to manage and optimize traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance overall transportation efficiency.

Sensors are the components in IoT architecture responsible for gathering data from the environment. They capture data from the physical world, such as temperature, humidity, or motion, and transmit it to other IoT components for processing and analysis.