The ____ function in Pandas is used to pivot a DataFrame to create a reshaped, sorted DataFrame.
- pivot()
- pivot_table()
- rearrange()
- reshape()
In Pandas, the pivot_table() function is used to pivot a DataFrame, creating a reshaped and sorted DataFrame. This is particularly useful for summarizing and reshaping data for analysis.
The ____ function in Python’s time module can be used to measure the elapsed time and is useful for profiling.
- clock()
- measure()
- sleep()
- timeit()
The clock() function in Python's time module can be used to measure elapsed time. It's commonly used for profiling code execution and benchmarking. Note that in Python 3.3 and later, time.clock() has been deprecated in favor of time.perf_counter().
The ____ function in TensorFlow or PyTorch is used to compute the gradient of a computation with respect to its input variables.
- backward
- calculate_gradient
- compute_gradient
- gradient
In deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch, the backward function (or backward() method) is used to compute the gradient of a computation with respect to its input variables. This is crucial for gradient-based optimization algorithms like stochastic gradient descent (SGD) during training.
In which data structure are elements connected using pointers to form a sequence?
- Array
- Linked List
- Queue
- Stack
A linked list is a data structure where elements are connected using pointers to form a sequence. Each element (node) contains data and a reference (pointer) to the next element in the sequence. Linked lists are dynamic and allow efficient insertions and deletions in the middle of the sequence.
In Seaborn, how can you visualize the linear relationship between two variables?
- Heatmap
- Pair plot
- Regression plot
- Scatter plot
To visualize the linear relationship between two variables in Seaborn, you can use a regression plot. It shows a scatter plot of the data points with a regression line, helping you assess the strength and direction of the linear relationship.
In Seaborn, the ____ function is used to plot univariate or bivariate distributions of observations.
- distplot
- plot_distribution
- scatterplot
- univariate
In Seaborn, you use the distplot function to plot univariate distributions of observations. It's a versatile function that can display histograms, kernel density estimates, and more.
In Seaborn, which function is used to create a scatter plot with the possibility of several semantic groupings?
- sns.boxplot()
- sns.lineplot()
- sns.pairplot()
- sns.scatterplot()
In Seaborn, the sns.scatterplot() function is used to create scatter plots with the possibility of several semantic groupings. It allows you to color and style the points based on additional variables, making it useful for exploring relationships in complex datasets.
In the context of data visualization, ____ is a Python library that is based on Matplotlib and provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive and informative statistical graphics.
- NumPy
- Scikit-learn
- Seaborn
- TensorFlow
In the context of data visualization in Python, Seaborn is a library based on Matplotlib that simplifies the creation of statistical graphics, making them more attractive and informative.
In the pytest framework, how do you mark a test function so that it is not executed by the test runner?
- @pytest.disable()
- @pytest.exclude()
- @pytest.ignore()
- @pytest.skip("Test not ready yet")
In pytest, you can use the @pytest.skip("Reason") decorator to mark a test function so that it is not executed. You can provide a reason for skipping for documentation purposes.
In the unittest framework, what is the significance of the setUpClass method in a test case class?
- It is called after all test methods in the test case class have run.
- It is called after the tearDown method in the test case class.
- It is called before any test methods in the test case class are run.
- It is called before each test method in the test case class.
In the unittest framework, the setUpClass method is called once before any test methods in the test case class are run. It's typically used to set up resources or configurations that are shared by all test methods in the class.