You are developing a RESTful API and need to ensure that sensitive user data is secure during transit. Which approach would you use to secure data transmission?
- a) Encoding data as plain text
- b) Using HTTPS (SSL/TLS)
- c) Encrypting data with a custom algorithm
- d) Adding authentication tokens to requests
The most secure approach for securing data in transit in a RESTful API is to use HTTPS (SSL/TLS). It encrypts the data between the client and server, providing confidentiality and integrity.
You are developing a system where you have multiple classes, and you want to ensure that a particular set of methods is available in all these classes. How would you ensure this?
- Inherit a base class with the common methods
- Use composition and create a separate class for the common methods
- Use global functions for the common methods
- Use interfaces to define the required methods
In JavaScript, you can't directly inherit from classes, but you can use interfaces to ensure a set of methods is available in implementing classes. Interfaces define method signatures that must be implemented by the classes that use them.
You are developing a system where you have multiple classes, and you want to ensure that a particular set of methods is available in all these classes. How would you ensure this?
- Use Composition
- Use Encapsulation
- Use Inheritance
- Use Polymorphism
To ensure that a particular set of methods is available in multiple classes, you would use Inheritance. Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class, making it possible to create a base class with common methods that are shared by multiple derived classes.
You are developing a test suite using the unittest framework and need to share the same setup code across multiple test cases. Which method would you use?
- Create a base test class with a setUp method
- Define setup code within each test case
- Use the @classmethod decorator with a shared setup method
- Use the @staticmethod decorator with a shared setup method
In the unittest framework, you can create a base test class with a setUp method to share common setup code across multiple test cases. This ensures that the setup code is executed before each test case in the suite.
You are developing a web application where the front-end needs to continuously receive real-time updates from the Python back-end. Which technology would you use to implement this functionality?
- AJAX
- GraphQL
- REST API
- WebSocket
To achieve real-time updates from the back-end, WebSocket is the preferred technology. It provides full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, making it suitable for real-time applications.
You are developing an application that requires the implementation of a map (or dictionary) data structure with ordered keys. Which advanced data structure would be most suitable to use for the implementation?
- Binary Search Tree
- Hash Table
- Linked List
- Stack
A Binary Search Tree (BST) is the most suitable data structure for implementing a map with ordered keys. It maintains keys in sorted order, making it efficient for operations like searching and range queries.
You are assigned to optimize a Python application performing extensive calculations. Which approach would you take to reduce the computational time and improve the efficiency of the calculations?
- a. Use parallel processing
- b. Increase the screen resolution
- c. Add more memory
- d. Use a different programming language
To reduce computational time and improve efficiency in a Python application with extensive calculations, you should use parallel processing. This involves splitting the calculations into multiple threads or processes to utilize multi-core CPUs. Increasing screen resolution and adding more memory won't directly impact computational efficiency. Switching to a different programming language may not be necessary and can introduce development challenges.
You are assigned to write a Python script that needs to execute a block of code only if a file exists at a specified location. How would you implement this control structure to check the existence of the file and execute the block of code?
- if file_exists(filename): ...
- if os.path.exists(filename): ...
- try: ... except FileNotFoundError: ...
- while file_exists(filename): ...
To check the existence of a file in Python and execute a block of code if the file exists, you should use if os.path.exists(filename): .... This code snippet uses the os.path.exists function to check if the file exists before proceeding with the specified block of code.
You are assigned to develop a machine learning model that can identify fraudulent transactions. How would you deal with the class imbalance in the dataset?
- No need to address class imbalance
- Oversampling the minority class
- Removing the imbalance by eliminating records
- Undersampling the majority class
Dealing with class imbalance often involves oversampling the minority class, creating synthetic data points to balance the dataset. This ensures that the model doesn't bias towards the majority class, which is crucial in fraud detection where fraudulent transactions are rare.
You are assigned to implement a complex object creation scenario where the object’s construction process should be separate from its representation. Which design pattern would you use?
- Decorator Pattern
- Factory Pattern
- Prototype Pattern
- Singleton Pattern
The Factory Pattern is used to create objects with a separation between the construction process and the representation. Factories encapsulate object creation, making it easier to change or extend object creation logic.