You are developing a test suite using the unittest framework and need to share the same setup code across multiple test cases. Which method would you use?
- Create a base test class with a setUp method
- Define setup code within each test case
- Use the @classmethod decorator with a shared setup method
- Use the @staticmethod decorator with a shared setup method
In the unittest framework, you can create a base test class with a setUp method to share common setup code across multiple test cases. This ensures that the setup code is executed before each test case in the suite.
You are developing a web application where the front-end needs to continuously receive real-time updates from the Python back-end. Which technology would you use to implement this functionality?
- AJAX
- GraphQL
- REST API
- WebSocket
To achieve real-time updates from the back-end, WebSocket is the preferred technology. It provides full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, making it suitable for real-time applications.
You are developing an application that requires the implementation of a map (or dictionary) data structure with ordered keys. Which advanced data structure would be most suitable to use for the implementation?
- Binary Search Tree
- Hash Table
- Linked List
- Stack
A Binary Search Tree (BST) is the most suitable data structure for implementing a map with ordered keys. It maintains keys in sorted order, making it efficient for operations like searching and range queries.
You are experiencing performance bottlenecks in a Python program due to slow file I/O operations. How would you optimize the file reading and writing processes to improve performance?
- a. Use buffered I/O
- b. Upgrade the CPU
- c. Increase the file size
- d. Convert files to binary format
To optimize file reading and writing processes in Python, you should use buffered I/O. This involves reading/writing data in larger chunks, reducing the number of I/O operations and improving performance. Upgrading the CPU may not directly address I/O bottlenecks. Increasing file size and converting files to binary format may not be appropriate solutions for all scenarios and can introduce other issues.
You are debugging a failing test in pytest and need to inspect the values of variables at the point of failure. Which pytest option would you use to achieve this?
- Employ the --capture option
- Enable pytest logging with the --log-level option
- Use the --pdb option
- Utilize the --verbose option
To inspect variable values at the point of failure during debugging in pytest, you can use the --pdb option. This option invokes the Python Debugger (pdb) when a test fails, allowing you to interactively explore variables and the execution context.
You are designing a framework and want to ensure that all classes following a certain API have required methods implemented. How would you use metaclasses to achieve this?
- Metaclasses can automatically inject the required methods into all classes using the API.
- Metaclasses can be used to define a base class with the required methods, and then, for each class, you create a metaclass that checks if these methods are implemented.
- Metaclasses can be used to dynamically create subclasses with the required methods, enforcing the API.
- Metaclasses cannot be used for this purpose.
Metaclasses provide a way to define behaviors for classes. In this scenario, you can define a metaclass that checks if the required methods are implemented when a class is created, ensuring adherence to the API.
You are assigned to develop a machine learning model that can identify fraudulent transactions. How would you deal with the class imbalance in the dataset?
- No need to address class imbalance
- Oversampling the minority class
- Removing the imbalance by eliminating records
- Undersampling the majority class
Dealing with class imbalance often involves oversampling the minority class, creating synthetic data points to balance the dataset. This ensures that the model doesn't bias towards the majority class, which is crucial in fraud detection where fraudulent transactions are rare.
You are assigned to implement a complex object creation scenario where the object’s construction process should be separate from its representation. Which design pattern would you use?
- Decorator Pattern
- Factory Pattern
- Prototype Pattern
- Singleton Pattern
The Factory Pattern is used to create objects with a separation between the construction process and the representation. Factories encapsulate object creation, making it easier to change or extend object creation logic.
You are assigned to implement a complex object creation scenario where the object’s construction process should be separate from its representation. Which design pattern would you use?
- Bridge Pattern
- Factory Pattern
- Observer Pattern
- Singleton Pattern
In this scenario, you would use the Factory Pattern. The Factory Pattern separates the object's creation process from its representation, providing a method for creating objects based on certain conditions or parameters. It promotes flexibility and allows for the construction of complex objects.
You are assigned to optimize a Python application performing extensive calculations. Which approach would you take to reduce the computational time and improve the efficiency of the calculations?
- a. Use parallel processing
- b. Increase the screen resolution
- c. Add more memory
- d. Use a different programming language
To reduce computational time and improve efficiency in a Python application with extensive calculations, you should use parallel processing. This involves splitting the calculations into multiple threads or processes to utilize multi-core CPUs. Increasing screen resolution and adding more memory won't directly impact computational efficiency. Switching to a different programming language may not be necessary and can introduce development challenges.