call(), apply(), and bind() are methods in JavaScript used to manipulate the context in which a function is executed and to pass arguments to functions. They are commonly used in scenarios like setting the value of 'this' in a function and passing arguments dynamically. None of the other options correctly describe their purpose.

To ensure minimum latency in a real-time analytics dashboard, using caching mechanisms is essential. Caching can store frequently used aggregated data and serve it quickly, reducing the need for complex queries. Options B and D do not align with best practices for real-time analytics. Option C is a good practice but not as directly related to real-time performance as caching.

In Express.js, to catch errors from a promise within a route, the next function should be called with the err as an argument. This allows Express.js to recognize it as an error-handling middleware. Passing error, promise, or next itself would not trigger the error handling mechanism in Express.js.

In JavaScript, objects created using object literal syntax are instances of the Object constructor. This means they inherit properties and methods from the Object prototype.

In a Write-Around caching strategy, the data is written directly to the database, bypassing the cache. This strategy is useful for data that doesn't need to be immediately cached, such as rarely accessed data or large files.

The Client Credentials grant type in OAuth 2.0 is suitable for machine-to-machine (M2M) applications where there is no user involved. It allows an application to directly authenticate itself and obtain an access token. The other grant types involve user interaction and are not intended for M2M scenarios.

In JavaScript, the typeof operator can be used to determine the type of a variable. The syntax is typeof variableName. The other options are not valid methods to determine the type in JavaScript.

In Node.js, using asynchronous file system operations (such as fs.readFile and fs.writeFile) is the most effective way to optimize file system-related operations. This prevents blocking the event loop and ensures that your application remains responsive while reading and writing files.

When implementing full-text search, considerations should include stemming and lemmatization to handle variations of words (e.g., "run," "running," "ran"). This ensures that search results are more comprehensive and relevant. Exact matching alone may miss variations. Case sensitivity should be considered based on user requirements. Shortening query length may lead to the exclusion of important search terms.

In a Cache-Aside strategy, data is not automatically loaded into the cache. Instead, it's loaded explicitly on read operations when an application requests the data.