Closures in JavaScript are often used for encapsulation. They allow variables and functions to be "enclosed" within a function, preventing them from polluting the global scope and providing a level of data privacy. This enables code organization, reduces naming conflicts, and promotes modularity in your programs. Closures are a key feature in achieving encapsulation in JavaScript.

In JavaScript, prototypes are often utilized by assigning a constructor function to an object's prototype property. This constructor function serves as a blueprint for creating objects with shared properties and methods. The prototype object associated with this constructor contains those shared properties and methods.

In Internet Explorer, the attachEvent() method is used to attach event listeners. This method is specific to Internet Explorer and serves a similar purpose to addEventListener() in other browsers, allowing you to respond to events such as clicks and keypresses.

If you use arrow functions to define methods within a class, they will not have their own this context. Instead, they inherit the this context from the surrounding scope. To access the class instance within an arrow function, you need to use this. Hence, the correct option is this.

To add a new property to an existing object in JavaScript, you would typically use the Object.assign() method. This method allows you to merge properties from one or more source objects into a target object. It can be used to add or update properties in the target object.

The this keyword inside a constructor function refers to the current instance of the object being created. It allows you to access and assign properties and methods to the instance being constructed, making it unique for each object created with the constructor. It does not refer to the global or parent object.

When an event listener is invoked, it receives an event object containing information about the event. It also has access to the target (the element that triggered the event) and type (the type of event). However, timestamp is not an argument passed to an event listener. It can be obtained using event.timeStamp.

An Async function returns a promise implicitly. When you declare a function as async, it means the function will always return a promise, allowing you to use await inside it to handle asynchronous operations more cleanly.

The correct method to parse a JSON string into a JavaScript object is JSON.parse(). It takes a JSON string as input and returns a JavaScript object. The other options (toJSON(), parseJSON(), stringToJSON()) are not valid JSON parsing methods.

The primary use of the switch statement in JavaScript is to perform conditional branching. It allows you to execute different code blocks based on the value of an expression, making it a powerful tool for decision-making in your code.