The switch() function in R can be used as an alternative to multiple if-else statements. It evaluates a given expression and matches it to a set of predefined cases. The corresponding case is executed, providing a more concise way to handle multiple conditional branches.

The '<-' operator is commonly used in R for assignment, although the '=' operator can also be used. However, '<-' is generally preferred because it makes the code more readable and avoids confusion with the '=' operator used for passing arguments to functions.

To calculate the mode of a numeric vector in R, you would use a custom function that counts the frequencies of values and identifies the most frequent value(s) as the mode(s).

In R, an array is created using the array() function. The array() function allows you to specify the values of the array, the dimensions, and other parameters such as dimension names. You can pass a vector of values and specify the dimensions to create the desired array structure.

To create a bar chart in R that shows the distribution of a categorical variable in a data set, you would use the barplot() function. Provide a vector or matrix of numeric values representing the frequencies or proportions of the categories, and R will generate the corresponding bar chart.

The concept of replacing a recursive function with a loop to improve performance is known as iteration. Iteration involves using a loop construct (such as a for or while loop) to achieve the same functionality as the recursive function but with potentially better performance characteristics. By eliminating the overhead of function calls and stack management, iterative solutions can be more efficient in certain cases.

In R, the logical 'OR' operation is represented by the | symbol. For example, a | b would return a vector where each element is the result of the 'OR' operation between the corresponding elements of a and b.

All of the mentioned scenarios may require creating a pie chart in R. Pie charts are useful for analyzing the market share of different product categories, visualizing the composition of a portfolio, and showing the distribution of responses in a survey.

Using R's debugging functions such as traceback(), debug(), browser(), and recover() can help pinpoint where an error occurs. It's also important to review the code for possible syntax errors. If the error is complex, replicating it in a simpler context can sometimes help illuminate the cause.

To generate a multiplication table using nested for loops in R, you can use the following code: for (i in 1:10) { for (j in 1:10) { print(i * j) } }. It iterates over the values 1 to 10 for both i and j, and within each iteration, calculates and prints the product of i and j.