Which LINQ operator is used to filter elements in a collection based on a specified condition?
- GroupBy
- OrderBy
- Select
- Where
The "Where" LINQ operator is used to filter elements in a collection based on a specified condition.
What is the difference between optimistic concurrency and pessimistic concurrency in ADO.NET?
- Optimistic concurrency assumes that conflicts between multiple users updating the same data are unlikely, so it allows multiple users to access and modify data concurrently without locking it.
- Optimistic concurrency locks the data when it's being accessed by one user to prevent other users from modifying it simultaneously.
- Pessimistic concurrency allows multiple users to access and modify data concurrently without locking it.
- Pessimistic concurrency assumes that conflicts between multiple users updating the same data are likely, so it locks the data when it's being accessed by one user to prevent other users from modifying it simultaneously.
Optimistic concurrency and pessimistic concurrency are two approaches to handling concurrent data access in ADO.NET. Optimistic concurrency assumes that conflicts between multiple users updating the same data are unlikely, so it allows multiple users to access and modify data concurrently without locking it. Pessimistic concurrency, on the other hand, assumes that conflicts are likely, so it locks the data when it's being accessed by one user to prevent other users from modifying it simultaneously.
To improve query performance in Entity Framework, you can use ___________ loading to retrieve related entities in a single query.
- Deferred
- Dynamic
- Eager
- Lazy
Eager loading allows Entity Framework to load related entities along with the main entity in a single query, thus reducing the number of database round-trips and improving performance. It eagerly loads the related entities as part of the initial query execution. It's suitable for scenarios where you know in advance that you will need the related entities.
Which ADO.NET method is used to open a database connection explicitly?
- Begin()
- Connect()
- Open()
- Start()
The Open() method is used in ADO.NET to explicitly open a database connection. It is a member function of the SqlConnection class, which represents a connection to a SQL Server database. By calling the Open() method, the application establishes a connection to the database, allowing it to execute commands and retrieve data.
What is the primary purpose of non-query commands (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) in ADO.NET?
- Creating a new database.
- Establishing a connection to a database.
- Inserting data into, updating data in, or deleting data from a database.
- Retrieving data from a database.
Non-query commands in ADO.NET, such as INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE, are primarily used for modifying data in a database. These commands allow you to insert new records into a table, update existing records, or delete records from a table. They do not return any data, hence the term "non-query."
To implement custom data binding, you can create a custom class that implements the ___________ interface.
- IBindable
- IDataBinding
- ICustomDataBinding
- INotifyPropertyChanged
The correct option is INotifyPropertyChanged. This interface is commonly used in .NET for implementing custom data binding. It notifies clients that a property value has changed, which is essential for data binding scenarios.
To perform an outer join in LINQ, you can use the DefaultIfEmpty() method in conjunction with the ___________ clause.
- Where
- GroupBy
- Join
- Select
In LINQ, to perform an outer join, you use the "Join" clause and combine it with the "DefaultIfEmpty()" method. The "Join" clause is essential for joining tables, making it the correct option.
Scenario: Your project requires support for multiple database providers, such as SQL Server, Oracle, and MySQL. Which feature of Entity Framework should you consider to achieve this flexibility?
- Database Context
- Database Providers
- Entity Framework Core
- Model-First Approach
Entity Framework Core supports multiple database providers through the concept of Database Providers. By specifying the appropriate provider in the DbContext configuration, you can switch between different databases seamlessly without changing much of the application code. Entity Framework Core is designed to be lightweight and extensible, making it suitable for cross-platform development and supporting various database providers. Model-First Approach is a design methodology for creating the data model visually, but it doesn't inherently support multiple database providers. Database Context is a component within Entity Framework but doesn't directly address the requirement for multiple database support.
In ADO.NET, what are the different ways to call a stored procedure?
- Call() method, Invoke() method, ExecuteProcedure() method, Run() method
- CommandText property, ExecuteNonQuery() method, ExecuteReader() method, ExecuteScalar() method
- ExecuteNonQuery() method, ExecuteScalar() method, ExecuteReader() method, Execute() method
- ExecuteStoredProc() method, ExecuteStoredProcedure() method, ExecuteSP() method, CallStoredProc() method
In ADO.NET, you can call a stored procedure using the ExecuteNonQuery() method to execute a command that doesn't return any result set, ExecuteScalar() method to execute a command that returns a single value, and ExecuteReader() method to execute a command that returns a result set. The Execute() method can also be used to execute any type of command.
Scenario: You are working on a project that involves querying a list of products based on their category. Which LINQ operator would you use to accomplish this task?
- Select
- Where
- OrderBy
- GroupBy
The correct option for querying a list of products based on their category is the Where operator. The Where operator is used to filter elements based on a specified condition, allowing you to retrieve only the products that belong to a specific category.