A streaming platform is receiving real-time data from various IoT devices. The goal is to process this data on-the-fly and produce instantaneous analytics. Which Big Data technology is best suited for this task?
- Apache Flink
- Apache HBase
- Apache Hive
- Apache Pig
Apache Flink is designed for real-time stream processing and analytics, making it a powerful choice for handling data from IoT devices in real-time and producing instantaneous analytics.
Which 'V' of Big Data refers to the increasing rate at which data is produced and collected?
- Volume
- Velocity
- Variety
- Veracity
The 'V' of Big Data that refers to the increasing rate at which data is produced and collected is "Velocity." It reflects the high speed at which data is generated and the need to process it rapidly for real-time insights and decision-making.
An e-commerce platform is experiencing slow query times when accessing their vast product database. They wish to optimize their data storage and retrieval processes. Who would they most likely consult within their Data Science team?
- Data Scientist
- Data Analyst
- Data Engineer
- Database Administrator
Data Engineers specialize in optimizing data storage and retrieval processes. They design and maintain the data infrastructure, ensuring efficient access to large datasets. Consulting a Data Engineer is the most suitable choice for addressing slow query times and enhancing database performance.
A self-driving car company is trying to detect and classify objects around the car in real-time. The team is considering using a neural network architecture that can capture local patterns and hierarchies in images. Which type of neural network should they primarily focus on?
- Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network
- Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Network
When detecting and classifying objects in images, especially in real-time for self-driving cars, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) should be the primary choice. CNNs excel at capturing local patterns and hierarchies in images, making them ideal for tasks like object detection in computer vision, which is essential for self-driving cars to understand their environment.
Which type of filtering is often used to reduce the amount of noise in an image?
- Median Filtering
- Edge Detection
- Histogram Equalization
- Convolutional Filtering
Median filtering is commonly used to reduce noise in an image. It replaces each pixel value with the median value in a local neighborhood, making it effective for removing salt-and-pepper noise and preserving the edges and features in the image.
After deploying a Gradient Boosting model, you observe that its performance deteriorates after some time. What might be a potential step to address this?
- Re-train the model with additional data
- Increase the learning rate
- Reduce the model complexity
- Regularly update the model with new data
To address the performance deterioration of a deployed Gradient Boosting model, it's crucial to regularly update the model with new data (option D). Data drift is common, and updating the model ensures it adapts to the changing environment. While re-training with additional data (option A) may help, regularly updating the model with new data is more sustainable. Increasing the learning rate (option B) or reducing model complexity (option C) may not be effective in addressing performance deterioration over time.
To prevent overfitting in neural networks, the _______ technique can be used, which involves dropping out random neurons during training.
- Normalization
- L1 Regularization
- Dropout
- Batch Normalization
The technique used to prevent overfitting in neural networks is called "Dropout." During training, dropout randomly removes a fraction of neurons, helping to prevent overreliance on specific neurons and improving generalization.
In time series analysis, what is a sequence of data points measured at successive points in time called?
- Time steps
- Data snapshots
- Data vectors
- Time series data
In time series analysis, a sequence of data points measured at successive points in time is called "time series data." This data structure is used to analyze and forecast trends, patterns, and dependencies over time. It's fundamental in fields like finance, economics, and climate science.
In the context of neural networks, what does the term "backpropagation" refer to?
- Training a model using historical data
- Forward pass computation
- Adjusting the learning rate
- Updating model weights
"Backpropagation" in neural networks refers to the process of updating the model's weights based on the computed errors during the forward pass. It's a key step in training neural networks and involves minimizing the loss function.
You're building a system that needs to store vast amounts of unstructured data, like user posts, images, and comments. Which type of database would be the best fit for this use case?
- Relational Database
- Document Database
- Graph Database
- Key-Value Store
A document database, like MongoDB, is well-suited for storing unstructured data with variable schemas, making it an ideal choice for use cases involving user posts, images, and comments.