Hierarchical clustering can be broadly classified into two types based on how the hierarchy is constructed. What are these two types?

  • Agglomerative and Divisive
  • Linear and Non-linear
  • QuickSort and MergeSort
  • Recursive and Iterative
Hierarchical clustering can be Agglomerative (bottom-up) or Divisive (top-down) based on how clusters are merged or divided in the hierarchy.

You're analyzing data from a shopping mall's customer behavior and notice that there are overlapping clusters representing different shopping patterns. To model this scenario, which algorithm would be most suitable?

  • K-Means Clustering
  • Decision Trees
  • Breadth-First Search
  • Radix Sort
K-Means Clustering is commonly used for clustering tasks, such as identifying distinct shopping patterns. It groups data into clusters based on similarity, making it suitable for analyzing customer behavior data with overlapping patterns.

In the context of Q-learning, what does the 'Q' stand for?

  • Quality
  • Quantity
  • Question
  • Quotient
In Q-learning, the 'Q' stands for Quality, representing the quality or expected return of taking a specific action in a given state.

Which regression technique uses the logistic function (or sigmoid function) to squeeze the output between 0 and 1?

  • Linear Regression
  • Logistic Regression
  • Poisson Regression
  • Ridge Regression
Logistic Regression uses the logistic function (sigmoid function) to model the probability of a binary outcome. This function ensures that the output is constrained between 0 and 1, making it suitable for classification tasks.

Which NLP technique is often employed to extract structured information from unstructured medical notes?

  • Sentiment Analysis
  • Named Entity Recognition
  • Part-of-Speech Tagging
  • Machine Translation
Named Entity Recognition is an NLP technique used to identify and categorize entities (e.g., drugs, diseases) within unstructured medical text.

Why might a deep learning practitioner use regularization techniques on a model?

  • To make the model larger
  • To simplify the model
  • To prevent overfitting
  • To increase training speed
Deep learning practitioners use regularization techniques to 'prevent overfitting.' Overfitting is when a model learns noise in the training data, and regularization helps in making the model more generalized and robust to new data.

Which type of learning is characterized by an agent interacting with an environment and learning to make decisions based on rewards and penalties?

  • Supervised Learning
  • Reinforcement Learning
  • Unsupervised Learning
  • Semi-Supervised Learning
Reinforcement learning is the type of learning where an agent learns through interaction with an environment by receiving rewards and penalties.

In reinforcement learning, what do we call the function that determines the value of taking an action in a particular state?

  • Action Evaluator
  • Value Function
  • Policy Function
  • Reward Function
The 'Value Function' in reinforcement learning determines the expected cumulative reward of taking an action in a particular state, guiding decision-making.

In reinforcement learning, ________ focuses on trying new actions, while ________ focuses on leveraging known rewards.

  • Exploration Policy
  • Exploitation Policy
  • Random Policy
  • Deterministic Policy
In reinforcement learning, exploration policy focuses on trying new actions to learn more about the environment. Exploitation policy, on the other hand, leverages known rewards to make optimal decisions based on what's already learned.

One of the hyperparameters in a Random Forest algorithm that determines the maximum depth of the trees is called ______.

  • Entropy
  • Gini Index
  • LeafNodes
  • MaxDepth
The hyperparameter controlling the maximum depth of trees in a Random Forest is typically called "MaxDepth." It determines how deep each decision tree can grow in the ensemble.