In C++, if two overloaded functions have the same signature but differ in const qualification, it leads to ________.
- Ambiguity Error
- Compilation Error
- Linker Error
- Undefined Behavior
When two overloaded functions in C++ have the same signature but differ in const qualification, it leads to undefined behavior. The compiler cannot determine which function to call, resulting in ambiguous code. It's essential to avoid such situations for code clarity and reliability.
A ________ variable in C is a variable that is declared within a function or a block and is only accessible within that function or block.
- extern
- global
- local
- static
A "local" variable in C is a variable that is declared within a function or a block and is only accessible within that function or block. These variables have limited scope, and their lifetime is limited to the duration of the function or block in which they are defined.
In C programming, why would you use an enumeration (enum)?
- To create multi-dimensional arrays
- To define a set of named integer constants
- To perform arithmetic operations
- To store floating-point numbers
Enumerations (enums) in C are used to define a set of named integer constants, making your code more readable and self-explanatory.
How can function pointers be used to implement callbacks in C?
- Function pointers allow direct function calls
- Function pointers are not suitable for callbacks
- Function pointers are only used for dynamic memory allocation
- Function pointers can be passed as arguments to other functions
Function pointers in C can be passed as arguments to other functions, allowing you to define callbacks. This is commonly used in event-driven programming and implementing libraries with customizable behavior.
How do you declare a two-dimensional array of integers with 3 rows and 4 columns?
- int arr[12];
- int arr[3][4];
- int arr[4][3];
- int arr[][];
To declare a 2D array in C with 3 rows and 4 columns, you use the syntax: int arr[3][4]; The first dimension specifies the number of rows, and the second dimension specifies the number of columns.
In the context of C programming, what is the importance of having a base case in a recursive function?
- It makes the program run faster
- It prevents infinite recursion and stack overflow
- It reduces the need for using pointers
- It simplifies the program's overall structure
Having a base case in a recursive function is crucial to prevent infinite recursion, which can lead to a stack overflow and program termination. The base case provides a stopping condition for the recursion and ensures the function terminates properly.
You are writing a C program where you need to maintain a counter that persists across multiple function calls. Which type of variable would you use?
- Automatic variable
- Global variable
- Local variable
- Static variable
In this scenario, you would use a static variable to maintain a counter that persists across multiple function calls. Static variables retain their values between function calls, making them suitable for this purpose. Local variables have limited scope and are not suitable for maintaining a persistent counter. Global variables introduce unnecessary complexity and may lead to naming conflicts. Automatic variables are limited to a function's scope and are not designed for persistent storage.
What happens to the memory allocation when a structure is defined?
- Memory is allocated for all its members
- Memory is allocated for the structure itself
- Memory is allocated only for the first member
- No memory allocation occurs
When you define a structure in C, memory is allocated for the structure itself, which includes memory for all its members.
In a union, all members share the same ________.
- Data Type
- Memory Address
- Name
- Value
In a union, all members share the same memory location. Unions allow different variables to occupy the same memory space, providing efficient storage.
How can using pointers to structures optimize memory usage in a C program?
- Efficient memory allocation
- Faster program execution
- Improved data security
- Reducing memory leaks
Using pointers to structures allows for more efficient memory allocation since only memory addresses are stored, reducing memory overhead. It also helps in preventing memory leaks by allowing explicit memory deallocation.